A Biopsychosocial Model for the Counseling of Hormonal Contraceptives: A Review of the Psychological, Relational, Sexual, and Cultural Elements Involved in the Choice of Contraceptive Method

Introduction Hormonal contraceptives are among the most popular contraceptives used by women worldwide. Long-term adherence may vary significantly among users because of fear of side effects, unhealthy habits, and lack of knowledge, despite their proven effectiveness. Aim To analyze the psychological, relational, sexual, and cultural factors associated with choice and use of hormonal contraceptives. We highlight the importance of a biopsychosocial approach to contraceptive counseling. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted in September 2018. Main Outcome Measures 99 articles published in Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library about counseling to hormonal contraception and related biopsychosocial factors were reviewed. Results In the current work, we have analyzed a broad range of factors involved in the contraceptive choice among psychological, relational, sexual, and cultural spheres under the umbrella of the biopsychosocial model. The literature has highlighted that counseling provided by a specialized health care professional may help women in selecting a contraceptive method that best suits their personal needs and lifestyles, maximizing compliance and well-being. Conclusion The importance of psychological, relational, sexual and cultural aspects involved in the selection of a contraceptive should be acknowledged by health care professionals and addressed during individualized counseling to ensure that the option selected and offered is tailored to the personal preferences, lifestyle, and practices of each woman.