Prevalence of peri-implant diseases among an Italian population of patients with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study

Over the years, only few authors have studied the association of systemic conditions with peri-implantitis. The aim of this study is to detect frequency and severity of peri-implant diseases among an Italian population of patients affected by metabolic syndrome (MetS).METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, patients with at least one dental implant with >5 years of functional loading were screened to evaluate metabolic, periodontal and peri-implant status. MetS diagnosis was established in accordance with the NCEP ATP III criteria, while case definitions of the 2017 World Workshop were adopted for peri-implant diseases. For each implant, probing pocket depths, mucosal redness, bleeding on probing, suppuration, plaque index and marginal bone loss were recorded. Multinomial logistic regression analysed the relationship between gender, diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, presence of periodontitis, smoking, type of prosthesis and location of implants and peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. RESULTS: 183 patients was enrolled: in MetS subjects, peri-implantitis was detected in 36.9% (n = 31) of implants, while mucositis in 60.7% (n = 51), with an OR of 10.01(p = 0.005) for mucositis and OR 15.26 (p = 0.001) for peri-implantitis, compared to subjects without MetS, where 26.3% of implants showed peri-implantitis and 55.5% mucositis. No differences were found for smoking, implant location, gender and type of prosthetic rehabilitation. Patients with periodontitis showed a higher association with peri-implant mucositis (OR = 4.33) and peri-implantitis (OR = 9.00). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, patients affected by MetS showed a greater prevalence of peri-implant diseases, with further studies that need to confirm the possibility of this new possible risk indicator.