OBJECTIVES The purpose of this section is to review the clinically significant effects of self-ligating brackets on orthodontic treatment with respect to the quality of available scientific evidence, and, finally, clarify if and which is the advantage of these different brackets in terms of overall treatment time and number of visits. MATHERIALS AND METHODS A systematic analysis was made using the Pubmed Database and manual search in the references of articles identified; our search for relevant articles took place between September 2014 and January 2017 using the following terms: Self-ligating* AND conventional AND bracket* AND conventional AND bracket* AND treatment time AND conventional AND bracket* AND time. In addition, we checked the indices of American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, European Journal of Orthodontics, Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics, Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research, and The Angle Orthodontist. This review’s pre-defined protocol was based on the Cochrane guidelines. Five key methodological criteria were assessed: sample size calculation, random sequence generation, allocation concealment, reporting of dropouts, and blinding of measurement assessment. An overall assessment of risk of bias (high, medium, low) was undertaken for each included trial using the Cochrane collaboration criteria. To be included in the review, trials had to meet the following selection criteria. - Study design: randomized and controlled clinical trials. - Participants: patients with full arch, fixed orthodontic appliance(s) treated with self-ligating brackets (SLBs) or conventional brackets (CBs). - Interventions: fixed appliance orthodontic treatment involving SLBs or CBs. - Outcome measures: the outcome measures were overall treatment time and number of appointments, related to both SLB and CB systems. The meta-analysis was calculated using the software MetaXL 2.2, specifying standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in a random effects model. A total of 43 citations were identified electronically and 9 more manually, after exclusion procedure, only three studies met the criteria and were included in the systematic review and in the meta-analysis (Fleming, DiBiase, Johansson). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Overall treatment time: even if the total duration of the treatment was higher in the self-ligating brackets group than in that of the conventional brackets in all the three studies, in none of the studies statistical significance was reached. Therefore, across studies, heterogeneity did not emerge in the presence of the effect of the type of treatment on the total duration. Number of appointment: in the first and third studies (Fleming, Johansson), the number of appointments resulted greater in the self-ligating group than in that of conventional brackets group, while in the second study the conventional brackets group shows a greater number of appointments. It can be noted however that none of the three primary studies reached significance. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Results from our meta-analysis revealed weak and statistically not significant overall effects that failed to substantiate major advantages of self-ligating brackets over conventional brackets. We realized that the small number of included trials carries its own limitations in clarifying the differences between conventional and self-ligating brackets. The application of less strict criteria would have raised the probability of bias in the meta-analysis.
Lo scopo di questa pubblicazione è quello di rivedere gli effetti clini- camente significativi degli attacchi auto-leganti sul trattamento orto- dontico rispetto alle prove scienti- fiche disponibili e, infine, chiarire se e qual è il vantaggio di questi diversi brackets in termini di tem- po totale di trattamento e numero di visite. MATERIALI E METODI È stata eseguita un’analisi siste- matica della letteratura esistente usufruendo della banca dati di Pubmed e della ricerca manuale degli articoli presenti nelle biblio- grafie, utilizzando le parole chiave: Self-ligating* AND conventional AND bracket* AND conventional AND bracket* AND treatment time AND conventional AND bracket* AND time. Inoltre, sono stati cotrollati gli indi- ci di American Journal of Ortho- dontics and Dentofacial Orthope- dics, European Journal of Or- thodontics, Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics, Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research e The Angle Orthodontist. Infine, è stata effet- tuata una meta-analisi utilizzando il software MetaXL 2.2. Alle pub- blicazioni selezionate sono state aggiunte le linee guida Cochrane. Sono stati inclusi i processi di controllo randomizzati (RCTs) e i quasi-RTCs; l’analisi delle pubbli- cazioni è stata limitata a studi condotti sull’uomo, pubblicati tra il 1998 e il 2017 e in lingua inglese. Per essere inclusi nella revisione, le prove dovevano soddisfare i se- guenti criteri di selezione. - Progettazione dello studio: studi clinici randomizzati e controllati. - Partecipanti: pazienti con arcata completa, apparecchio orto- dontico fisso trattati con attac- chi auto-leganti (SLB) o attacchi convenzionali (CB). - Interventi: trattamento ortodon- tico dell’apparecchio fisso con SLB o CB. - Misure di outcome: le misure di outcome erano il tempo com- plessivo di trattamento e il nu- mero di appuntamenti, relative sia ai sistemi SLB che ai siste- mi CB. Un totale di 43 citazioni sono state identificate elettronicamente e al- tre 9 manualmente; dopo la pro- cedura di esclusione, solo tre stu- di hanno soddisfatto i criteri e so- no stati inclusi nella revisione si- stematica e nella meta-analisi (Fleming, DiBiase, Johansson). RISULTATI E CONCLUSIONI Durata complessiva del tratta- mento: anche se la durata totale del trattamento era più alta nel gruppo degli attacchi auto-leganti rispetto a quella degli attacchi convenzionali in tutti e tre gli studi, in nessuno dei lavori è stata rag- giunta la significatività statistica. Numero di appuntamenti: nel pri- mo e nel terzo studio (Fleming, Johansson), il numero di appunta- menti è risultato maggiore nel gruppo auto-legante rispetto a quello del gruppo di brackets con- venzionale, mentre nel secondo studio il gruppo di brackets con- venzionale mostra un numero maggiore di appuntamenti. Si può notare, tuttavia, che nessuno dei tre studi primari ha raggiunto si- gnificatività statistica. SIGNIFICATO CLINICO I risultati della meta-analisi hanno rivelato effetti generali deboli e statisticamente non significativi che non hanno dimostrato i prin- cipali vantaggi degli attacchi au- to-leganti rispetto a quelli con- venzionali. Gli autori si sono resi conto che il piccolo numero di prove incluse pone un grosso li- mite nel chiarire le differenze tra attacchi convenzionali e auto-le- ganti. L’applicazione di criteri me- no rigidi avrebbe, di contro, au- mentato la probabilità di bias nel- la meta-analisi.
Efficiency of self-ligating vs conventional braces: systematic review and meta-analysis [Efficienza degli attacchi auto-leganti rispetto ai convenzionali: revisione sistematica e meta-analisi] / Impellizzeri, Alessandra; Putrino, Alessandra; Zangrillo, Chiara; Barbato, Ersilia; Galluccio, Gabriella. - In: DENTAL CADMOS. - ISSN 0011-8524. - 87:6(2019), pp. 347-356. [10.19256/d.cadmos.06.2019.04]
Efficiency of self-ligating vs conventional braces: systematic review and meta-analysis [Efficienza degli attacchi auto-leganti rispetto ai convenzionali: revisione sistematica e meta-analisi]
Alessandra Impellizzeri
Primo
;Alessandra PutrinoSecondo
;ZANGRILLO, chiara;Ersilia BarbatoPenultimo
;Gabriella GalluccioUltimo
2019
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this section is to review the clinically significant effects of self-ligating brackets on orthodontic treatment with respect to the quality of available scientific evidence, and, finally, clarify if and which is the advantage of these different brackets in terms of overall treatment time and number of visits. MATHERIALS AND METHODS A systematic analysis was made using the Pubmed Database and manual search in the references of articles identified; our search for relevant articles took place between September 2014 and January 2017 using the following terms: Self-ligating* AND conventional AND bracket* AND conventional AND bracket* AND treatment time AND conventional AND bracket* AND time. In addition, we checked the indices of American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, European Journal of Orthodontics, Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics, Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research, and The Angle Orthodontist. This review’s pre-defined protocol was based on the Cochrane guidelines. Five key methodological criteria were assessed: sample size calculation, random sequence generation, allocation concealment, reporting of dropouts, and blinding of measurement assessment. An overall assessment of risk of bias (high, medium, low) was undertaken for each included trial using the Cochrane collaboration criteria. To be included in the review, trials had to meet the following selection criteria. - Study design: randomized and controlled clinical trials. - Participants: patients with full arch, fixed orthodontic appliance(s) treated with self-ligating brackets (SLBs) or conventional brackets (CBs). - Interventions: fixed appliance orthodontic treatment involving SLBs or CBs. - Outcome measures: the outcome measures were overall treatment time and number of appointments, related to both SLB and CB systems. The meta-analysis was calculated using the software MetaXL 2.2, specifying standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in a random effects model. A total of 43 citations were identified electronically and 9 more manually, after exclusion procedure, only three studies met the criteria and were included in the systematic review and in the meta-analysis (Fleming, DiBiase, Johansson). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Overall treatment time: even if the total duration of the treatment was higher in the self-ligating brackets group than in that of the conventional brackets in all the three studies, in none of the studies statistical significance was reached. Therefore, across studies, heterogeneity did not emerge in the presence of the effect of the type of treatment on the total duration. Number of appointment: in the first and third studies (Fleming, Johansson), the number of appointments resulted greater in the self-ligating group than in that of conventional brackets group, while in the second study the conventional brackets group shows a greater number of appointments. It can be noted however that none of the three primary studies reached significance. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Results from our meta-analysis revealed weak and statistically not significant overall effects that failed to substantiate major advantages of self-ligating brackets over conventional brackets. We realized that the small number of included trials carries its own limitations in clarifying the differences between conventional and self-ligating brackets. The application of less strict criteria would have raised the probability of bias in the meta-analysis.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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