An update of pitfalls in prostate mpMRI: a practical approach through the lens of PI-RADS v. 2 guidelines

Objectives: The aim of the current report is to provide an update in the imaging interpretation of prostate cancer on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), with a special focus on how to discriminate pathological tissue from the most common pitfalls that may be encountered during daily clinical practice using the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version 2 guidelines. Methods: All the cases that are shown in this pictorial review comply with the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) guidelines for technical mpMRI requirements. Results: Despite the standardised manner to report mpMRI (PI-RADS v. 2), some para-physiologic appearances of the prostate can mimic cancer. As such, it is crucial to be aware of these pitfalls, in order to avoid the under/overestimation of prostate cancer. Conclusions: A detailed knowledge of normal and abnormal findings in mpMRI of the prostate is pivotal for an accurate management of the wide spectrum of clinical scenarios that radiologists may encounter during their daily practice. Teaching Points: • Some para-physiologic appearances of the prostate may mimic cancer. • Knowledge of normal and abnormal findings in prostate mpMRI is pivotal. • Any radiologist involved in prostate mpMRI reporting should be aware of pitfalls.