Manage the complexity of archectural deisgn through the proactive design paradigm

Nowadays, the building process shows a low success rate in terms of reliance of imposed time and cost forecasting. The causes are multiple: the lack of collaboration between the actors, the use of tools not suitable for managing the complexity of the contemporary building, the fragmentation of the market and an overall technological delay in production techniques, still linked to a "craft" vision of the building or anchored to a vision of the industrial system of the second or third industrial revolution. These are just some of the lacks affecting the construction chain which, since 2008, has been experiencing a continuous haemorrhage of revenues and personnel (Marchesini, 2016). In order to solve the numerous practical problems of design, architects, like all the process actors, iteratively seek appropriate solutions, which can be implemented according to the available resources (Roewe, 1987). In these conditions, it is essential to systematize information and knowledge about the building organization in a consistent manner, considering that, in the advancement of the various design phases, there may be different types, some due to its own peculiarities that lead to problems such as: • those due to further design constraints may emerge during the design and construction phases; • design problems that change because and their temporary solutions (partial or total) interact with the design objectives that change from the initial ones; • those caused by the long duration of the useful life of the building organization, if compared to other manufacturing sectors, which lead to change the intended use, which are due to adaptation to changing regulations, emergency situations not predictable a priori, etc.