Lattice Boltzmann method to simulate convection heat transfer in a microchannelunder heat flux: gravity and inclination angle on slip-velocity

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to improve the lattice Boltzmann method’s ability to simulate amicroflow under constant heatflux. Design/methodology/approach–Develop the thermal lattice Boltzmann method based on doublepopulation of hydrodynamic and thermal distribution functions. Findings–The buoyancy forces, caused by gravity, can change the hydrodynamic properties of theflow.As a result, the gravity term was included in the Boltzmann equation as an external force, and the equationswere rewritten under new conditions. Originality/value–To the best of the authors’knowledge, the current study is thefirst attempt toinvestigate mixed-convection heat transfer in an inclined microchannel in a slipflow regime.