What is meant by the Greek word pharmakos? Was it a purification ritual or a sacrifice? What are the origins of this ceremony? One or two individuals – in case of social, religious, political crisis, or a natural disaster – were expelled from the community (and sometimes ritually killed) because it was believed that this would bring about the purification of the human group. Some sources state that the pharmakos was sacrificed, but several scholars oppose such a thesis, arguing that the earliest sources for the ritual prove that the victim was beaten up, but not killed. A more plausible explanation would be that on certain occasions he was executed, while on others he was not. In this light, is there a space for a historical-religious problematization?
Cosa s’intende con il termine greco pharmakos? Si trattava di un rito di purificazione oppure di un sacrificio? Quali sono le origini di questa cerimonia? Uno o due individui – in caso di crisi sociale, religiosa, politica, o a fronte di una calamità naturale – erano espulsi dalla comunità (e, talvolta, uccisi ritualmente) poiché si riteneva che tale pratica avrebbe purificato la società. Alcune fonti sembrano asserire che il pharmakos fosse sacrificato, ma la dottrina prevalente rigetta questa tesi adducendo che la vittima era percossa, ma non uccisa. Una spiegazione più plausibile vorrebbe che in talune occasioni fosse giustiziato, mentre in altre no. In questa prospettiva, esiste lo spazio per una problematizzazione storico-religiosa?
Il pharmakos nelle fonti antiche e nella Storia delle religioni. Alcune valutazioni critiche / Sacco, Leonardo. - In: MYTHOS. - ISSN 1972-2516. - 12/2018:(2019), pp. 103-115.
Il pharmakos nelle fonti antiche e nella Storia delle religioni. Alcune valutazioni critiche
Sacco, Leonardo
2019
Abstract
What is meant by the Greek word pharmakos? Was it a purification ritual or a sacrifice? What are the origins of this ceremony? One or two individuals – in case of social, religious, political crisis, or a natural disaster – were expelled from the community (and sometimes ritually killed) because it was believed that this would bring about the purification of the human group. Some sources state that the pharmakos was sacrificed, but several scholars oppose such a thesis, arguing that the earliest sources for the ritual prove that the victim was beaten up, but not killed. A more plausible explanation would be that on certain occasions he was executed, while on others he was not. In this light, is there a space for a historical-religious problematization?File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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