Frequent and intense flooding events have always had a huge impact on urban and rural territories all over the world and in Italy. Hydro-geological risk has been increasing considerably in urban areas due to the intensified modifications connected to human activities. In the past twenty years, over 2.3 billion people have been affected by floods and over 1.1 billion people have been displaced. Under the economic perspective, damages have exceeded US$ 165 billion. Therefore, inhabitants’ safety and environmental protection have become fundamental criteria for directing urban areas’ transformation. Due to the complexity of flooding phenomena, the definition of integrated measures for mitigating risk is still challenging. Moreover, the current operative approach primarily encompasses defensive actions based on traditional engineering solutions and not on flexible adaptation strategies. This approach proves ineffective in increasing flood resilience of existing urban textures and of areas involved in new urbanization processes. The present study aims at analyzing in a critical and systemic way innovative solutions that can be used in the built environment, both at urban and building scale. The objective is the improvement of Mediterranean compact cities’ resilience, as well as the reduction of hydro-geological risk and the proper use of water resource. This research evaluates the effectiveness of the different solutions, according to an inter-scale and inter-disciplinary approach, as well as the aspects that require more in-depth analysis. The considered strategies include sustainable urban drainage systems employed at the neighborhood scale (rain gardens, bio-swales) and at the building scale (amphibious and floating houses, dry- and wet-proof techniques, green walls and roofs, roof ponds). The selected solutions are studied both for retrofitting existing buildings and outdoor urban areas, and for new constructions. The results underline the importance of an integrated, inter-scale and inter-disciplinary approach for assessing the effectiveness of the proposed solutions.
Il fenomeno delle inondazioni, per intensità e frequenza, ha da sempre interessato i territori naturali e urbanizzati in diverse parti del mondo. Il progressivo incremento dell’antropizzazione ha fatto sì che le aree urbane fossero sempre più esposte al rischio idrogeologico. Negli ultimi venti anni più di 2.3 miliardi di persone sono stati colpiti da fenomeni inondativi, mentre 1.1 miliardi sono stati costretti ad abbandonare le proprie abitazioni. In termini economici, i danni hanno superato i 165 miliardi di dollari. La tutela della sicurezza degli abitanti e la salvaguardia dell’ambiente costruito divengono quindi criteri imprescindibili per gestire la nostre città. Tuttavia, la complessità dei fenomeni ha reso difficile la definizione di un quadro integrato di interventi per mitigare il rischio. Le linee operative previste si sono finora limitate ad azioni difensive basate su strategie ingegneristiche tradizionali invece che su strategie flessibili di adattamento. Questo approccio non migliora la resilienza delle aree interessate da processi di urbanizzazione ex novo o di modificazione dei tessuti insediativi esistenti. L’obiettivo dello studio è quindi analizzare sistematicamente e criticamente le soluzioni innovative adottabili nell’ambiente costruito, a scala urbana e architettonica. La finalità è aumentare la resilienza della città compatta esistente in ambiente mediterraneo, riducendo il rischio idrogeologico e consentendo un uso appropriato della risorsa idrica. La valutazione dell’efficacia delle soluzioni considerate è condotta secondo un approccio inter-scalare e inter-disciplinare, sottolineando gli aspetti che necessitano di ulteriore approfondimento. Le soluzioni analizzate comprendono sistemi di drenaggio urbano sostenibili a scala di quartiere (rain gardens, bio-swales) ed edilizia (case anfibie, galleggianti, tecniche ibride dry- e wet-proof, facciate e tetti verdi, roof ponds). Gli ambiti di applicazione riguardano il recupero di edifici esistenti e di spazi esterni costruiti, e gli interventi di nuova edificazione. I risultati evidenziano l’importanza di un approccio integrato, inter-scalare e inter-disciplinare, per valutare efficacemente le soluzioni proposte.
Città mediterranea e rischio idraulico: soluzioni integrate per la resilienza a scala urbana ed edilizia / Mannucci, Simona; Mariani, Silvia; Rosso, Federica; Morganti, Michele. - (2018), pp. 142-143. (Intervento presentato al convegno Colloqui.AT.e 2018, Ar.Tec. Edilizia circolare tenutosi a Cagliari).
Città mediterranea e rischio idraulico: soluzioni integrate per la resilienza a scala urbana ed edilizia
Simona Mannucci
;Silvia Mariani;Federica Rosso;Michele Morganti
2018
Abstract
Frequent and intense flooding events have always had a huge impact on urban and rural territories all over the world and in Italy. Hydro-geological risk has been increasing considerably in urban areas due to the intensified modifications connected to human activities. In the past twenty years, over 2.3 billion people have been affected by floods and over 1.1 billion people have been displaced. Under the economic perspective, damages have exceeded US$ 165 billion. Therefore, inhabitants’ safety and environmental protection have become fundamental criteria for directing urban areas’ transformation. Due to the complexity of flooding phenomena, the definition of integrated measures for mitigating risk is still challenging. Moreover, the current operative approach primarily encompasses defensive actions based on traditional engineering solutions and not on flexible adaptation strategies. This approach proves ineffective in increasing flood resilience of existing urban textures and of areas involved in new urbanization processes. The present study aims at analyzing in a critical and systemic way innovative solutions that can be used in the built environment, both at urban and building scale. The objective is the improvement of Mediterranean compact cities’ resilience, as well as the reduction of hydro-geological risk and the proper use of water resource. This research evaluates the effectiveness of the different solutions, according to an inter-scale and inter-disciplinary approach, as well as the aspects that require more in-depth analysis. The considered strategies include sustainable urban drainage systems employed at the neighborhood scale (rain gardens, bio-swales) and at the building scale (amphibious and floating houses, dry- and wet-proof techniques, green walls and roofs, roof ponds). The selected solutions are studied both for retrofitting existing buildings and outdoor urban areas, and for new constructions. The results underline the importance of an integrated, inter-scale and inter-disciplinary approach for assessing the effectiveness of the proposed solutions.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.