Objective: To evaluate Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) effects after clinically isolated syndromes (CIS). Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, participants were randomly assigned to receive BCG or placebo and monitored monthly with brain MRI (6 scans). Both groups then entered a preplanned phase with IM interferon-β-1a for 12 months. From month 18 onward, the patients took the disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) that their neurologist considered indicated in an open-label extension phase lasting up to 60 months. Results: Of 82 randomized subjects, 73 completed the study (33 vaccinated and 40 placebo). During the initial 6 months, the number of cumulative lesions was significantly lower in vaccinated people. The relative risks were 0.541 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.308-0.956; p = 0.03) for gadolinium-enhancing lesions (the primary endpoint), 0.364 (95% CI 0.207-0.639; p = 0.001) for new and enlarging T2-hyperintense lesions, and 0.149 (95%CI 0.046-0.416; p = 0.001) for new T1-hypointense lesions. The number of total T1-hypointense lesions was lower in the BCG group at months 6, 12, and 18: mean changes from baseline were - 0.09 ± 0.72 vs 0.75 ± 1.81 (p = 0.01), 0.0 ± 0.83 vs 0.88 ± 2.21 (p = 0.08), and -0.21 ± 1.03 vs 1.00 ± 2.49 (p = 0.02). After 60 months, the cumulative probability of clinically definite multiple sclerosis was lower in the BCG 1 DMT arm (hazard ratio = 0.52, 95% CI 0.27-0.99; p < 0.05), and more vaccinated people remained DMT-free (odds ratio = 0.20, 95% CI 0.04-0.93; p = 0.04). Conclusions: Early BCG may benefit CIS and affect its long-term course. Classification of evidence: BCG, as compared to placebo, was associated with significantly reduced development of gadolinium-enhancing lesions in people with CIS for a 6-month period before starting immunomodulating therapy (Class I evidence). © 2013 American Academy of Neurology.

Effects of Bacille Calmette-Guérin after the first demyelinating event in the CNS / Ristori, Giovanni; Romano, Silvia; Cannoni, Stefania; Visconti, Andrea; Tinelli, Emanuele; Mendozzi, Laura; Cecconi, Pietro; Lanzillo, Roberta; Quarantelli, Mario; Buttinelli, Carla; Gasperini, Claudio; Frontoni, Marco; Coarelli, Giulia; Caputo, Domenico; Bresciamorra, Vincenzo; Vanacore, Nicola; Pozzilli, Carlo; Salvetti, Marco. - In: NEUROLOGY. - ISSN 0028-3878. - 82:1(2014), pp. 41-48. [10.1212/01.wnl.0000438216.93319.ab]

Effects of Bacille Calmette-Guérin after the first demyelinating event in the CNS

Ristori, Giovanni;Romano, Silvia;CANNONI, Stefania;Visconti, Andrea;Tinelli, Emanuele;Buttinelli, Carla;Gasperini, Claudio;Frontoni, Marco;Coarelli, Giulia;Caputo, Domenico;Vanacore, Nicola;Pozzilli, Carlo;Salvetti, Marco
2014

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) effects after clinically isolated syndromes (CIS). Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, participants were randomly assigned to receive BCG or placebo and monitored monthly with brain MRI (6 scans). Both groups then entered a preplanned phase with IM interferon-β-1a for 12 months. From month 18 onward, the patients took the disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) that their neurologist considered indicated in an open-label extension phase lasting up to 60 months. Results: Of 82 randomized subjects, 73 completed the study (33 vaccinated and 40 placebo). During the initial 6 months, the number of cumulative lesions was significantly lower in vaccinated people. The relative risks were 0.541 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.308-0.956; p = 0.03) for gadolinium-enhancing lesions (the primary endpoint), 0.364 (95% CI 0.207-0.639; p = 0.001) for new and enlarging T2-hyperintense lesions, and 0.149 (95%CI 0.046-0.416; p = 0.001) for new T1-hypointense lesions. The number of total T1-hypointense lesions was lower in the BCG group at months 6, 12, and 18: mean changes from baseline were - 0.09 ± 0.72 vs 0.75 ± 1.81 (p = 0.01), 0.0 ± 0.83 vs 0.88 ± 2.21 (p = 0.08), and -0.21 ± 1.03 vs 1.00 ± 2.49 (p = 0.02). After 60 months, the cumulative probability of clinically definite multiple sclerosis was lower in the BCG 1 DMT arm (hazard ratio = 0.52, 95% CI 0.27-0.99; p < 0.05), and more vaccinated people remained DMT-free (odds ratio = 0.20, 95% CI 0.04-0.93; p = 0.04). Conclusions: Early BCG may benefit CIS and affect its long-term course. Classification of evidence: BCG, as compared to placebo, was associated with significantly reduced development of gadolinium-enhancing lesions in people with CIS for a 6-month period before starting immunomodulating therapy (Class I evidence). © 2013 American Academy of Neurology.
2014
adult; bcg vaccine; brain; demyelinating diseases; double-blind method; female; follow-up studies; humans; male; multiple sclerosis; treatment outcome; young adult; neurology (clinical)
01 Pubblicazione su rivista::01a Articolo in rivista
Effects of Bacille Calmette-Guérin after the first demyelinating event in the CNS / Ristori, Giovanni; Romano, Silvia; Cannoni, Stefania; Visconti, Andrea; Tinelli, Emanuele; Mendozzi, Laura; Cecconi, Pietro; Lanzillo, Roberta; Quarantelli, Mario; Buttinelli, Carla; Gasperini, Claudio; Frontoni, Marco; Coarelli, Giulia; Caputo, Domenico; Bresciamorra, Vincenzo; Vanacore, Nicola; Pozzilli, Carlo; Salvetti, Marco. - In: NEUROLOGY. - ISSN 0028-3878. - 82:1(2014), pp. 41-48. [10.1212/01.wnl.0000438216.93319.ab]
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