An insight into the occurrence of suicides in jails of an Italian region

The objective of this study is to explore the personal and environmental causes of suicides in jails of an Italian region, by evaluating the extent of the phenomenon, in order to devise strategies for prevention. The examined documentation deals with all cases of suicide among detainees in the 14 prisons of the region Lazio between 01/01/2008 and 31/12/2014. The factors considered for evaluation concerns the are socio-demographics (age, gender, nationality) as well as legal aspects, prison characteristics (type of crime, judicial state) and method used for the suicide. The results show that the method to commit suicide in prisoners of Lazio is hanged. Suicides occur especially in Italian prisoners. Most prison inmates commit suicide less than one year before the end of the detention period. Since the majority of risk factors for suicide are present before the subject enters prison, it is not easy to observe and check the prisoners once they are in jail. The evaluation of the prisoners should be done during the phase when they first enter the jail and not after the intervening variables associated with the detention have had their effects. This suggests that further studies are necessary to better understand the phenomenon and evaluate the possibility to introduce effective preventive measures.