Acromegaly and modifications of the craniofacial complex: oral implications

Acromegaly is a rare acquired endocrine disorder linked to hypersecretion of the growth hormone, which induces a progressive somatic disfigurement on the face and on the limbs. Changes in the craniomaxillofacial complex are one of the main indicators of the disease and are therefore a key feature for an early diagnosis. This article, after a short introduction on the ossification processes involved, describes the main modifications of the craniofacial complex induced by acromegaly on both hard and soft tissues. The most relevant odontostomatological aspects of the disease are then discussed, together with the important role of the dentist/orthodontist in its early diagnosis and treatment.