BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Diabetic women have a more adverse plasma lipid profile than men. Sex differences in dietary habits may play a role, but are little investigated. The study evaluates the quality of diet, adherence to the nutritional recommendations of the Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group and their relation with plasma lipid in men and women with diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 2573 people, aged 50-75, enrolled in the TOSCA.IT study (clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00700856). Plasma lipids were measured centrally. Diet was assessed with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Women had a more adverse plasma lipid profile than men. Women consumed significantly more legumes, vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk, vegetable oils, and added sugar, whereas men consumed more starchy foods, soft drinks and alcoholic beverages. This stands for a higher proportion (%) of energy intake from saturated fat and added sugar (12.0 ± 2.4 vs 11.5 ± 2.5 and 3.4 ± 3.2 vs 2.3 ± 3.2, P < 0.04), and a higher intake of fiber (11.2 ± 2.8 vs 10.4 ± 2.6 g/1000 Kcal/day) in women. Adherence to the recommendations for saturated fat and fiber consumption was associated with significantly lower LDL-cholesterol regardless of sex. Adherence to the recommendations for added sugars was associated with significantly lower triglycerides and higher HDL-cholesterol in men and women. CONCLUSIONS: Men and women with diabetes show significant differences in adherence to nutritional recommendations, but sex differences in plasma lipid profile are unlikely to be explained by nutritional factors. Adherence to the nutritional recommendations is associated with a better plasma lipid profile regardless of sex, thus reinforcing the importance of substituting saturated for unsaturated fat sources, increasing fiber and reducing added sugar intake.

Sex differences in food choices, adherence to dietary recommendations and plasma lipid profile in type 2 diabetes – The TOSCA.IT study / Vitale, M.; Masulli, M.; Cocozza, S.; Anichini, R.; Babini, A. C.; Boemi, M.; Bonora, E.; Buzzetti, R.; Carpinteri, R.; Caselli, C.; Ceccarelli, E.; Cignarelli, M.; Citro, G.; Clemente, G.; Consoli, A.; Corsi, L.; De Gregorio, A.; Di Bartolo, P.; Di Cianni, G.; Fontana, L.; Garofolo, M.; Giorda, C. B.; Giordano, C.; Grioni, S.; Iovine, C.; Longhitano, S.; Mancastroppa, G.; Mazzucchelli, C.; Montani, V.; Mori, M.; Perriello, G.; Rinaldi, M. E.; Ruffo, M. C.; Salvi, L.; Sartore, G.; Scaranna, C.; Tonutti, L.; Zamboni, C.; Zogheri, A.; Krogh, V.; Cappellini, F.; Signorini, S.; Riccardi, G.; Vaccaro, O.. - In: NMCD. NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. - ISSN 0939-4753. - 26:10(2016), pp. 879-885. [10.1016/j.numecd.2016.04.006]

Sex differences in food choices, adherence to dietary recommendations and plasma lipid profile in type 2 diabetes – The TOSCA.IT study

Masulli, M.;Buzzetti, R.;Citro, G.;Iovine, C.;Rinaldi, M. E.;Signorini, S.;
2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Diabetic women have a more adverse plasma lipid profile than men. Sex differences in dietary habits may play a role, but are little investigated. The study evaluates the quality of diet, adherence to the nutritional recommendations of the Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group and their relation with plasma lipid in men and women with diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 2573 people, aged 50-75, enrolled in the TOSCA.IT study (clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00700856). Plasma lipids were measured centrally. Diet was assessed with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Women had a more adverse plasma lipid profile than men. Women consumed significantly more legumes, vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk, vegetable oils, and added sugar, whereas men consumed more starchy foods, soft drinks and alcoholic beverages. This stands for a higher proportion (%) of energy intake from saturated fat and added sugar (12.0 ± 2.4 vs 11.5 ± 2.5 and 3.4 ± 3.2 vs 2.3 ± 3.2, P < 0.04), and a higher intake of fiber (11.2 ± 2.8 vs 10.4 ± 2.6 g/1000 Kcal/day) in women. Adherence to the recommendations for saturated fat and fiber consumption was associated with significantly lower LDL-cholesterol regardless of sex. Adherence to the recommendations for added sugars was associated with significantly lower triglycerides and higher HDL-cholesterol in men and women. CONCLUSIONS: Men and women with diabetes show significant differences in adherence to nutritional recommendations, but sex differences in plasma lipid profile are unlikely to be explained by nutritional factors. Adherence to the nutritional recommendations is associated with a better plasma lipid profile regardless of sex, thus reinforcing the importance of substituting saturated for unsaturated fat sources, increasing fiber and reducing added sugar intake.
2016
Cardiovascular risk factors; Diabetes; Dietary habits; Men; Nutritional recommendations; Sex differences; Women; Aged; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Food Preferences; Humans; Italy; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Assessment; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Choice Behavior; Feeding Behavior; Healthy Diet; Patient Compliance; Recommended Dietary Allowances; Medicine (miscellaneous); Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism; Nutrition and Dietetics; Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
01 Pubblicazione su rivista::01a Articolo in rivista
Sex differences in food choices, adherence to dietary recommendations and plasma lipid profile in type 2 diabetes – The TOSCA.IT study / Vitale, M.; Masulli, M.; Cocozza, S.; Anichini, R.; Babini, A. C.; Boemi, M.; Bonora, E.; Buzzetti, R.; Carpinteri, R.; Caselli, C.; Ceccarelli, E.; Cignarelli, M.; Citro, G.; Clemente, G.; Consoli, A.; Corsi, L.; De Gregorio, A.; Di Bartolo, P.; Di Cianni, G.; Fontana, L.; Garofolo, M.; Giorda, C. B.; Giordano, C.; Grioni, S.; Iovine, C.; Longhitano, S.; Mancastroppa, G.; Mazzucchelli, C.; Montani, V.; Mori, M.; Perriello, G.; Rinaldi, M. E.; Ruffo, M. C.; Salvi, L.; Sartore, G.; Scaranna, C.; Tonutti, L.; Zamboni, C.; Zogheri, A.; Krogh, V.; Cappellini, F.; Signorini, S.; Riccardi, G.; Vaccaro, O.. - In: NMCD. NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. - ISSN 0939-4753. - 26:10(2016), pp. 879-885. [10.1016/j.numecd.2016.04.006]
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