The “Jewish question” and the question of being: Heidegger before and after 1945

In this paper, I explain why I have chosen the expression “metaphysical anti-Semitism” to characterize Heidegger’s position in the Black Notebooks. In this context, the strong connection between the question of being and the “Jewish question” is important. My thesis is that Heidegger ties Judaism to metaphysics with a Gordian knot. His ontological, theological, and political accusations against the Jews do not derive from common racism, but from this knot. After 1945, Heidegger does not change his position and does not recognize Germany’s guilt. Yet, the Black Notebooks open a new perspective on his political thought.