Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbas, Kaja M; Abd Allah, Foad; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Abdulle, Abdishakur M; Abebo, Teshome Abuka; Abera, Semaw Ferede; Aboyans, Victor; Abu Raddad, Laith J; Ackerman, Ilana N; Adamu, Abdu Abdullahi; Adetokunboh, Olatunji; Afarideh, Mohsen; Afshin, Ashkan; Agarwal, Sanjay Kumar; Aggarwal, Rakesh; Agrawal, Anurag; Agrawal, Sutapa; Ahmadieh, Hamid; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine; Aichour, Amani Nidhal; Aichour, Ibtihel; Aiyar, Sneha; Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola; Akseer, Nadia; Al Lami, Faris Hasan; Alahdab, Fares; Al Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Noore; Alam, Tahiya; Alasfoor, Deena; Alene, Kefyalew Addis; Ali, Raghib; Alizadeh Navaei, Reza; Alkerwi, Ala'A; Alla, François; Allebeck, Peter; Allen, Christine; Al Maskari, Fatma; Al Raddadi, Rajaa; Alsharif, Ubai; Alsowaidi, Shirina; Altirkawi, Khalid A; Amare, Azmeraw T; Amini, Erfan; Ammar, Walid; Amoako, Yaw Ampem; Andersen, Hjalte H; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T; Anwari, Palwasha; Ärnlöv, Johan; Artaman, Al; Aryal, Krishna Kumar; Asayesh, Hamid; Asgedom, Solomon W; Assadi, Reza; Atey, Tesfay Mehari; Atnafu, Niguse Tadele; Atre, Sachin R; Avila Burgos, Leticia; Avokphako, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur; Awasthi, Ashish; Bacha, Umar; Badawi, Alaa; Balakrishnan, Kalpana; Banerjee, Amitava; Bannick, Marlena S; Barac, Aleksandra; Barber, Ryan M; Barker Collo, Suzanne L; Bärnighausen, Till; Barquera, Simon; Barregard, Lars; Barrero, Lope H; Basu, Sanjay; Battista, Bob; Battle, Katherine E; Baune, Bernhard T; Bazargan Hejazi, Shahrzad; Beardsley, Justin; Bedi, Neeraj; Beghi, Ettore; Béjot, Yannick; Bekele, Bayu Begashaw; Bell, Michelle L; Bennett, Derrick A; Bensenor, Isabela M; Benson, Jennifer; Berhane, Adugnaw; Berhe, Derbew Fikadu; Bernabé, Eduardo; Betsu, Balem Demtsu; Beuran, Mircea; Beyene, Addisu Shunu; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhansali, Anil; Bhatt, Samir; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Biadgilign, Sibhatu; Bicer, Burcu Kucuk; Bienhoff, Kelly; Bikbov, Boris; Birungi, Charles; Biryukov, Stan; Bisanzio, Donal; Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie; Boneya, Dube Jara; Boufous, Soufiane; Bourne, Rupert R. A; Brazinova, Alexandra; Brugha, Traolach S; Buchbinder, Rachelle; Bulto, Lemma Negesa Bulto; Bumgarner, Blair R; Butt, Zahid A; Cahuana Hurtado, Lucero; Cameron, Ewan; Car, Mate; Carabin, Hélène; Carapetis, Jonathan R; Cárdenas, Rosario; Carpenter, David O; Carrero, Juan Jesus; Carter, Austin; Carvalho, Felix; Casey, Daniel C; Caso, Valeria; Castañeda Orjuela, Carlos A; Castle, Chris D; Catalá López, Ferrán; Chang, Hsing Yi; Chang, Jung Chen; Charlson, Fiona J; Chen, Honglei; Chibalabala, Mirriam; Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne; Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe; Chitheer, Abdulaal A; Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas; Ciobanu, Liliana G; Cirillo, Massimo; Colombara, Danny; Cooper, Cyrus; Cortesi, Paolo Angelo; Criqui, Michael H; Crump, John A; Dadi, Abel Fekadu; Dalal, Koustuv; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Das Neves, José; Davitoiu, Dragos V; De Courten, Barbora; De Leo, Diego De; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Degenhardt, Louisa; Deiparine, Selina; Dellavalle, Robert P; Deribe, Kebede; Des Jarlais, Don C; Dey, Subhojit; Dharmaratne, Samath D; Dhillon, Preet Kaur; Dicker, Daniel; Ding, Eric L; Djalalinia, Shirin; Huyen Phuc, Do; Dorsey, E. Ray; Dos Santos, Kadine Priscila Bender; Douwes Schultz, Dirk; Doyle, Kerrie E; Driscoll, Tim R; Dubey, Manisha; Duncan, Bruce Bartholow; El Khatib, Ziad Ziad; Ellerstrand, Jerisha; Enayati, Ahmadali; Endries, Aman Yesuf; Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich; Erskine, Holly E; Eshrati, Babak; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Esteghamati, Alireza; Estep, Kara; Fanuel, Fanuel Belayneh Bekele; Farinha, Carla Sofia E. Sa; Faro, André; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fazeli, Mir Sohail; Feigin, Valery L; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad; Fernandes, João C; Ferrari, Alize J; Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Fitzmaurice, Christina; Flaxman, Abraham D; Flor, Luisa Sorio; Foigt, Nataliya; Foreman, Kyle J; Franklin, Richard C; Fullman, Nancy; Fürst, Thomas; Furtado, Joao M; Futran, Neal D; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Ganji, Morsaleh; Garcia Basteiro, Alberto L; Gebre, Teshome; Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde; Geleto, Ayele; Gemechu, Bikila Lencha; Gesesew, Hailay Abrha; Gething, Peter W; Ghajar, Alireza; Gibney, Katherine B; Gill, Paramjit Singh; Gillum, Richard F; Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed; Giref, Ababi Zergaw; Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo; Giussani, Giorgia; Godwin, William W; Gold, Audra L; Goldberg, Ellen M; Gona, Philimon N; Goodridge, Amador; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Goto, Atsushi; Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho; Griswold, Max; Gugnani, Harish Chander; Gupta, Rahul; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Tanush; Gupta, Vipin; Hafezi Nejad, Nima; Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa; Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne; Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi; Hamidi, Samer; Handal, Alexis J; Hankey, Graeme J; Hanson, Sarah Wulf; Hao, Yuantao; Harb, Hilda L; Hareri, Habtamu Abera; Haro, Josep Maria; Harvey, James; Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh; Havmoeller, Rasmus; Hawley, Caitlin; Hay, Simon I; Hay, Roderick J; Henry, Nathaniel J; Heredia Pi, Ileana Beatriz; Hernandez, Julio Montañez; Heydarpour, Pouria; Hoek, Hans W; Hoffman, Howard J; Horita, Nobuyuki; Hosgood, H. Dean; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hotez, Peter J; Hoy, Damian G; Htet, Aung Soe; Guoqing, Hu; Huang, Hsiang; Huynh, Chantal; Iburg, Kim Moesgaard; Igumbor, Ehimario Uche; Ikeda, Chad; Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter; Jacobsen, Kathryn H; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B; Jassal, Simerjot K; Javanbakht, Mehdi; Jayaraman, Sudha P; Jeemon, Panniyammakal; Jensen, Paul N; Jha, Vivekanand; Jiang, Guohong; John, Denny; Johnson, Sarah Charlotte; Johnson, Catherine O; Jonas, Jost B; Jürisson, Mikk; Kabir, Zubair; Kadel, Rajendra; Kahsay, Amaha; Kamal, Ritul; Kan, Haidong; Karam, Nadim E; Karch, André; Karema, Corine Kakizi; Kasaeian, Amir; Kassa, Getachew Mullu; Kassaw, Nigussie Assefa; Kassebaum, Nicholas J; Kastor, Anshul; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Kaul, Anil; Kawakami, Norito; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Keren, Andre; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khalil, Ibrahim A; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khang, Young Ho; Khosravi, Ardeshir; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad; Kieling, Christian; Kim, Yun Jin; Kim, Daniel; Kim, Pauline; Kimokoti, Ruth W; Kinfu, Yohannes; Kisa, Adnan; Kissimova Skarbek, Katarzyna A; Kivimaki, Mika; Knudsen, Ann Kristin; Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Kolte, Dhaval; Kopec, Jacek A; Kosen, Soewarta; Koul, Parvaiz A; Koyanagi, Ai; Kravchenko, Michael; Krishnaswami, Sanjay; Krohn, Kristopher J; Kumar, G. Anil; Kumar, Pushpendra; Kumar, Sanjiv; Kyu, Hmwe H; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lambert, Nkurunziza; Lan, Qing; Larsson, Anders; Lavados, Pablo M; Leasher, Janet L; Lee, Paul H; Lee, Jong Tae; Leigh, James; Leshargie, Cheru Tesema; Leung, Janni; Leung, Ricky; Levi, Miriam; Yichong, Li; Yongmei, Li; Li Kappe, Darya; Liang, Xiaofeng; Liben, Misgan Legesse; Lim, Stephen S; Linn, Shai; Liu, Patrick Y; Liu, Angela; Liu, Shiwei; Liu, Yang; Lodha, Rakesh; Logroscino, Giancarlo; London, Stephanie J; Looker, Katharine J; Lopez, Alan D; Lorkowski, Stefan; Lotufo, Paulo A; Low, Nicola; Lozano, Rafael; Lucas, Timothy C. D; Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King; Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan; Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed; Mahdavi, Mahdi; Majdan, Marek; Majdzadeh, Reza; Majeed, Azeem; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malhotra, Rajesh; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Mamun, Abdullah A; Manguerra, Helena; Manhertz, Treh; Mantilla, Ana; Mantovani, Lorenzo G; Mapoma, Chabila C; Marczak, Laurie B; Martinez Raga, Jose; Martins Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio; Martopullo, Ira; März, Winfried; Mathur, Manu Raj; Mazidi, Mohsen; Mcalinden, Colm; Mcgaughey, Madeline; Mcgrath, John J; Mckee, Martin; Mcnellan, Claire; Mehata, Suresh; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan; Mekonnen, Tefera Chane; Memiah, Peter; Memish, Ziad A; Mendoza, Walter; Mengistie, Mubarek Abera; Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese; Mensah, George A; Meretoja, Tuomo J; Meretoja, Atte; Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane; Micha, Renata; Millear, Anoushka; Miller, Ted R; Mills, Edward J; Mirarefin, Mojde; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M; Misganaw, Awoke; Mishra, Shiva Raj; Mitchell, Philip B; Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin; Mohammadi, Alireza; Mohammed, Kedir Endris; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mohanty, Sanjay K; Mokdad, Ali H; Mollenkopf, Sarah K; Monasta, Lorenzo; Montico, Marcella; Moradi Lakeh, Maziar; Moraga, Paula; Mori, Rintaro; Morozoff, Chloe; Morrison, Shane D; Moses, Mark; Mountjoy Venning, Cliff; Mruts, Kalayu Birhane; Mueller, Ulrich O; Muller, Kate; Murdoch, Michele E; Murray, Christopher J. L; Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Nachega, Jean B; Nagel, Gabriele; Naghavi, Mohsen; Naheed, Aliya; Naidoo, Kovin S; Naldi, Luigi; Nangia, Vinay; Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan; Negasa, Dumessa Edessa; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Negoi, Ionut; Newton, Charles R; Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku; Nguyen, Trang Huyen; Nguyen, Quyen Le; Nguyen, Cuong Tat; Nguyen, Grant; Nguyen, Minh Gia Huy; Nichols, Emma; Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini; Nolte, Sandra; Nong, Vuong Minh; Norrving, Bo; Noubiap, Jean Jacques N; O'Donnell, Martin J; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; In Hwan, Oh; Okoro, Anselm; Oladimeji, Olanrewaju; Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi; Olagunju, Andrew Toyin; Olsen, Helen E; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Ong, Kanyin; Opio, John Nelson; Oren, Eyal; Ortiz, Alberto; Osgood Zimmerman, Aaron; Osman, Majdi; Owolabi, Mayowa O; Mahesh, Pa; Pacella, Rosana E; Pana, Adrian; Panda, Basant Kumar; Papachristou, Christina; Park, Eun Kee; Parry, Charles D; Parsaeian, Mahboubeh; Patten, Scott B; Patton, George C; Paulson, Katherine; Pearce, Neil; Pereira, David M; Perico, Norberto; Pesudovs, Konrad; Peterson, Carrie Beth; Petzold, Max; Phillips, Michael Robert; Pigott, David M; Pillay, Julian David; Pinho, Christine; Plass, Dietrich; Pletcher, Martin A; Popova, Svetlana; Poulton, Richie G; Pourmalek, Farshad; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj; Prasad, Noela M; Prasad, Narayan; Purcell, Carrie; Qorbani, Mostafa; Quansah, Reginald; Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala; Rabiee, Rynaz H. S; Radfar, Amir; Rafay, Anwar; Rahimi, Kazem; Rahimi Movaghar, Afarin; Rahimi Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Rajsic, Sasa; Ram, Usha; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Rankin, Zane; Rao, Puja C; Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya; Rawaf, Salman; Ray, Sarah E; Reiner, Robert C; Reinig, Nikolas; Reitsma, Marissa B; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Renzaho, Andre M. N; Resnikoff, Serge; Rezaei, Satar; Ribeiro, Antonio L; Ronfani, Luca; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Roth, Gregory A; Roy, Ambuj; Rubagotti, Enrico; Ruhago, George Mugambage; Saadat, Soheil; Sadat, Nafis; Safdarian, Mahdi; Safi, Sare; Safiri, Saeid; Sagar, Rajesh; Sahathevan, Ramesh; Salama, Joseph; Saleem, Huda Omer Ba; Salomon, Joshua A; Salvi, Sundeep Santosh; Samy, Abdallah M; Sanabria, Juan R; Santomauro, Damian; Santos, Itamar S; Santos, João Vasco; Santric Milicevic, Milena M; Sartorius, Benn; Satpathy, Maheswar; Sawhney, Monika; Saxena, Sonia; Schmidt, Maria Inês; Schneider, Ione J. C; Schöttker, Ben; Schwebel, David C; Schwendicke, Falk; Seedat, Soraya; Sepanlou, Sadaf G; Servan Mori, Edson E; Setegn, Tesfaye; Shackelford, Katya Anne; Shaheen, Amira; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shamsipour, Mansour; Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed; Sharma, Jayendra; Sharma, Rajesh; She, Jun; Shi, Peilin; Shields, Chloe; Shifa, Girma Temam; Shigematsu, Mika; Shinohara, Yukito; Shiri, Rahman; Shirkoohi, Reza; Shirude, Shreya; Shishani, Kawkab; Shrime, Mark G; Sibai, Abla Mehio; Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Silva, João Pedro; Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves; Singh, Jasvinder A; Singh, Narinder Pal; Sinha, Dhirendra Narain; Skiadaresi, Eirini; Skirbekk, Vegard; Slepak, Erica Leigh; Sligar, Amber; Smith, David L; Smith, Mari; Sobaih, Badr H. A; Sobngwi, Eugene; Sorensen, Reed J. D; Sousa, Tatiane Cristina Moraes; Sposato, Luciano A; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T; Srinivasan, Vinay; Stanaway, Jeffrey D; Stathopoulou, Vasiliki; Steel, Nicholas; Stein, Murray B; Stein, Dan J; Steiner, Timothy J; Steiner, Caitlyn; Steinke, Sabine; Stokes, Mark Andrew; Stovner, Lars Jacob; Strub, Bryan; Subart, Michelle; Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale; Sunguya, Bruno F; Sur, Patrick J; Swaminathan, Soumya; Sykes, Bryan L; Sylte, Dillon O; Tabarés Seisdedos, Rafael; Taffere, Getachew Redae; Takala, Jukka S; Tandon, Nikhil; Tavakkoli, Mohammad; Taveira, Nuno; Taylor, Hugh R; Tehrani Banihashemi, Arash; Tekelab, Tesfalidet; Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman; Tesfaye, Dawit Jember; Tesssema, Belay; Thamsuwan, Ornwipa; Thomas, Katie E; Thrift, Amanda G; Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer; Tobe Gai, Ruoyan; Tollanes, Mette C; Tonelli, Marcello; Topor Madry, Roman; Tortajada, Miguel; Touvier, Mathilde; Tran, Bach Xuan; Tripathi, Suryakant; Troeger, Christopher; Truelsen, Thomas; Tsoi, Derrick; Tuem, Kald Beshir; Tuzcu, Emin Murat; Tyrovolas, Stefanos; Ukwaja, Kingsley N; Undurraga, Eduardo A; Uneke, Chigozie Jesse; Updike, Rachel; Uthman, Olalekan A; Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. Chudi; Van Boven, Job F. M; Varughese, Santosh; Vasankari, Tommi; Venkatesh, S; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Vidavalur, Ramesh; Violante, Francesco S; Vladimirov, Sergey K; Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich; Vollset, Stein Emil; Vos, Theo; Wadilo, Fiseha; Wakayo, Tolassa; Wang, Yuan Pang; Weaver, Marcia; Weichenthal, Scott; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Weintraub, Robert G; Werdecker, Andrea; Westerman, Ronny; Whiteford, Harvey A; Wijeratne, Tissa; Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Wolfe, Charles D. A; Woodbrook, Rachel; Woolf, Anthony D; Workicho, Abdulhalik; Xavier, Denis; Gelin, Xu; Yadgir, Simon; Yaghoubi, Mohsen; Yakob, Bereket; Yan, Lijing L; Yano, Yuichiro; Pengpeng, Ye; Yimam, Hassen Hamid; Yip, Paul; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yoon, Seok Jun; Yotebieng, Marcel; Younis, Mustafa Z; Zaidi, Zoubida; Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed; Zegeye, Elias Asfaw; Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew; Zhang, Xueying; Zhou, Maigeng; Zipkin, Ben; Zodpey, Sanjay; Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32154-2

As mortality rates decline, life expectancy increases, and populations age, non-fatal outcomes of diseases and injuries are becoming a larger component of the global burden of disease. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 328 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016.

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 / Abajobir, A.A., Abate, K.H., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K.M., Abd Allah, F., Abdulkader, R.S., Abdulle, A.M., Abebo, T.A., Abera, S.F., Aboyans, V., Abu Raddad, L.J., Ackerman, I.N., Adamu, A.A., Adetokunboh, O., Afarideh, M., Afshin, A., Agarwal, S.K., Aggarwal, R., Agrawal, A., Agrawal, S., et al.. - In: THE LANCET. - ISSN 0140-6736. - 390:10100(2017), pp. 1211-1259. [10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32154-2]