Application of a nanostructured enzymatic biosensor based on fullerene and gold nanoparticles to polyphenol detection

Electrochemical biosensors provide an attractive means of analyzing the content of a biological sample due to the direct conversion of a biological event to an electronic signal. The signal transduction and the general performance of electrochemical biosensors are often determined by the surface architectures that connect the sensing element to the biological sample at the nanometer scale. The most common surface modification techniques, the various electrochemical transduction mechanisms, and the choice of the recognition receptor molecules all influence the ultimate sensitivity of the sensor.We show herein a novel electrochemical biosensing platformbased on the coupling of two different nanostructured materials (gold nanoparticles and fullerenols) displaying interesting electrochemical features. The use of these nanomaterials improved the electrochemical performance of the proposed biosensor. An application of the nanostructured enzyme-based biosensor has been developed for evaluating the detection of polyphenols either in buffer solution or in real wine samples.