Riccardo Morandi projected his first movie theatre in Rome in 1932 and until 1957 produced several theatres projects, mostly located in Rome, intervening with renovation works or designing them entirely. The originality of the subject was related to the new design criteria, that despite referring to the theatrical spatiality, imposed a new spatial configuration and required technological innovations related to the new kind of performance. The new spaces to design were inserted into the already consolidated urban pattern and they were to be placed in existing buildings or to be made from scratch in multifunctional complexes. The major structural problems were related to the realization of roofs and balconies of the rooms of great span, which often had to support over several floors destined to residences and/or offices. He has always sought, in the design of these elements, clear forms and based on continually improving structural solutions, already verified but experimented in various meanings, from the Odescalchi theatre to the cinema Maestoso. He studied and mastered the use of concrete frame structures and, since 1950, has experienced and applied prestressing to most common inflected structures, after which in 1948 he patented the Morandi’s system for prestressed beams. He used in large movie theatres, first of all the Maestoso theatre, the Morandi’s frame, a very thin precompressed structure, internally hyper-static and hinged to the foot, in which the upper cross-member was formed by slabs of concrete made on the ground and held together by prestressing cables. In the article are discussed, in chronological order, the main theatres designed by Morandi, analysing in particular the structural issues.
Il primo incontro dell’ingegnere Riccardo Morandi con il cinema si ebbe nel 1932 a Roma quando l’architetto Virgilio Marchi lo coinvolse nella progettazione della galleria del teatrino Odescalchi (oggi cinema Majestic), per trasformarlo in cinema. Da allora Morandi operò in circa trenta sale cinematografiche, delle quali la maggior parte proprio a Roma, sia intervenendo con opere di ristrutturazione, sia progettandole interamente. La singolarità del tema era rappresentata dalla tipologia, che nonostante si riferisse evidentemente alla spazialità teatrale, imponeva una nuova configurazione e richiedeva innovazioni tecnologiche legate alla diversa rappresentazione. Egli affermava di aver realizzato i primi cinematografi razionalisti, sotto l’influsso del Movimento Moderno, partendo dalla struttura. Tra il 1940 e il 1955 adottò nella progettazione dei cinema gli schemi statici ad arco e a telaio. La struttura ad “arcata elastica a unica luce” venne utilizzata partendo dalle applicazioni degli inizi del secolo e arrivando a raggiungere notevoli risultati, ma in parallelo, studiava e approfondiva la struttura a telaio e a partire dal 1950 sperimentò e applicò la “precompressione” alle strutture inflesse più comuni. Nel 1948 brevettò il sistema Morandi per la trave precompressa e da quella data utilizzò nelle grandi sale cinematografiche, prima tra tutte il Maestoso, il ‘telaio Morandi’, una struttura precompressa molto sottile internamente iperstatica, incernierata al piede, nella quale il trasverso superiore era formato da lastre di calcestruzzo realizzate a terra e tenute insieme, in opera, dai cavi di precompressione.
Innovazione tecnologica e progetto nelle grandi sale di Riccardo Morandi / Pugnaletto, Marina. - STAMPA. - 1(2017), pp. 135-146.
Innovazione tecnologica e progetto nelle grandi sale di Riccardo Morandi
PUGNALETTO, Marina
2017
Abstract
Riccardo Morandi projected his first movie theatre in Rome in 1932 and until 1957 produced several theatres projects, mostly located in Rome, intervening with renovation works or designing them entirely. The originality of the subject was related to the new design criteria, that despite referring to the theatrical spatiality, imposed a new spatial configuration and required technological innovations related to the new kind of performance. The new spaces to design were inserted into the already consolidated urban pattern and they were to be placed in existing buildings or to be made from scratch in multifunctional complexes. The major structural problems were related to the realization of roofs and balconies of the rooms of great span, which often had to support over several floors destined to residences and/or offices. He has always sought, in the design of these elements, clear forms and based on continually improving structural solutions, already verified but experimented in various meanings, from the Odescalchi theatre to the cinema Maestoso. He studied and mastered the use of concrete frame structures and, since 1950, has experienced and applied prestressing to most common inflected structures, after which in 1948 he patented the Morandi’s system for prestressed beams. He used in large movie theatres, first of all the Maestoso theatre, the Morandi’s frame, a very thin precompressed structure, internally hyper-static and hinged to the foot, in which the upper cross-member was formed by slabs of concrete made on the ground and held together by prestressing cables. In the article are discussed, in chronological order, the main theatres designed by Morandi, analysing in particular the structural issues.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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