Education and the labor market. The variables of citizenship of subjects of foreign origin in France, Germany, Sweden, Italy and Czech Republic

In this paper we analyze and compare in five European countries — Italy, France, Germany, Sweden and Czech Republic — the substantial dimensions of citizenship of foreign subjects of first and second generation — beyond possession of formal citizenship — considering rather the citizenship in its concrete expressions. We stop in particular on access to education and on achievement of qualifications, on employment conditions and on positions inside labour market. We have conducted our analysis exercise exploiting data PIAAC.