Il senso di una ricostruzione montana Resilienza-diversità- cambiamento

We began considering the future of the areas hit by the 2009 earthquake from the very first day of our partnership with the Municipalities of altopiano (plateau) delle Rocche, considerations that we kept in mind throughout every phase of the project: from the voluntary work phase and the drafting of the reconstruction plans right up to the support activities provided, in cooperation with representatives from local authorities. University research groups can support and advise, offering their expertise and their point of view, establishing limits that should be observed and new opportunities worth seizing. This book brings together all this material: expertise, points of view and a ‘catalogue’ of projects that propose an interpretation of limitations and opportunities. The general issues that guided this project are described in the first part of the book (Mountain Landscapes and Research Topics) and arose from the awareness of the complicated and risk-laden relationships between territory and post-earthquake reconstruction. We made every effort to avoid any inconsistency between reconstruction and local circumstances, which has occurred far too often in many Italian regions in the past, by following four main steps as described in the second part of the book (Projects for Safety, Cohesion and Vitality): • 1st Step that linked topics associated with reconstruction to topics regarding proactive efforts to make the territory safe, understood as a combination of conservation/prevention/monitoring schemes that are inextricably linked to protection activities and the ways mountain areas are used. • 2nd Step that made the most of the opportunity offered by reconstruction to focus on the particular characteristics and distinctive traits of this particular territory, located inland and at high altitude, in an attempt to contribute to more general reflections on Italian mountain territories. • 3rdStep that linked the opportunities that arise from reconstruction to projects that can express the unique quality of this mountain territory, projects that comply with the European Union’s request for innovation, in order to turn the extraordinary potential of these landscapes into concrete opportunities for launching ‘smart, sustainable and inclusive’ economies. 4th. A step that linked reconstruction efforts to cultural objectives and architectural improvements, driven by landscape improvement schemes, using planning systems that can support new ways of inhabiting these areas and new forms of collective appropriation of mountain areas.

Connettere la ricostruzione alla sicurezza del territorio, alla diversità dei territori montani, all’innovazione economica e sociale e a nuove possibili configurazioni spaziali ed estetiche del paesaggio, significa accrescere notevolmente, noi riteniamo, la resilienza della montagna. L’immagine della montagna resiliente ben si presta infatti a sintetizzare le qualità virtuose da rinnovare, e le lacune da affrontare, assumendo il concetto di resilienza come interazione tra qualità specifiche di un sistema atte a reagire a shock acuti. In rapporto ad alcune ricerche che si stanno sviluppando in campo internazionale5, si può assumere la definizione di montagna resiliente come un sistema riflessivo, capace cioè di imparare dalle esperienze del passato; robusto, dotato cioè di spazi fisici e sistemi infrastrutturali concepiti, costruiti e gestiti “bene”, in modo tale da tenere conto dell’insieme dei fattori di rischio e di tutte le esperienze più avanzate per ridurre la vulnerabilità degli insediamenti; affidabile, o meglio caratterizzato da indici elevati di ridondanza, cioè da sistemi capaci di resistere e fare fronte a imprevisti e perturbazioni (in particolare sistemi di collegamento e connessione, materiali e immateriali); flessibile, capace cioè di metabolizzare i cambiamenti sulla base di nuove prove ed esperienze diverse dal passato, soprattutto al livello delle attività economiche e sociali; intraprendente, capace cioè di raggiungere obiettivi di vitalità economica e prospettive di sviluppo attraverso nuove vie, innovative e creative; inclusivo, in grado cioè di coinvolgere insiemi “eterogenei” di persone e luoghi; integrato, abituato a sviluppare obiettivi comuni e assicurare il coordinamento degli sforz