Buoyancy-driven convection of enclosed nanoparticle suspensions

Effective cooling is one of the top challenges that high-tech manufacturing companies are continuously called to face in order to assure the reliability of their products. In fact, both the heat loads and the heat fluxes of modern devices are growing at an exponential pace as a result of the increasing demand for high performance and reduced size. Typical examples are represented by the microelectronics and automotive industries, just to name a few. In this connection, a considerable research effort has been dedicated to the development of advanced methods for heat transfer enhancement, such as those relying on new geometries and configurations, as well as those based on the use of extended surfaces and/or turbulators.