It’s back to the future: from renewable sources to petroleum and back. That is one way of summarising this essay’s argument, as it provides a wide-ranging analysis of natural, artificial and synthetic polymeric materials. The most interesting investigations conducted by contemporary research on bioplastics are critically part of a more general treatment that reconstructs the history and use of what is a vast family of plastics, stressing (among other things) their relationship with changing society: from the first, almost alchemic attempts to create artificial polymers conducted in the early 1800s to Bakelite, the first synthetic plastic; from the petroleum-free plastics developed ‘out of necessity’ during the self-sufficiency drive of the twentieth century to modern synthetic plastics (characterised by the mass production which began with Moplen), right up to the latest research that, though availing itself of infinitely more advanced tools and knowledge, marks a return to natural plastics. Particular attention is paid to environmental concerns regarding the use of both synthetic polymers and biopolymers, highlighting the complexity of an issue that is often dismissed with superficial oversimplification. While it begins by tackling natural plastics versus synthetic plastics, the essay develops into a more general reflection on the relationship between the natural and the artificial in consumer society.
Il passato è prologo: dalle fonti rinnovabili al petrolio e ritorno. Così potrebbe essere sintetizzato il contenuto del saggio, che fornisce una riflessione ad ampio raggio sui materiali polimerici naturali, artificiali e sintetici. I più interessanti indirizzi della ricerca contemporanea relativi alle bio-plastiche sono inquadrati criticamente in una più generale trattazione che ricostruisce la storia e gli usi della vasta famiglia delle plastiche, evidenziando anche il loro rapporto con l’evolversi della società: dai primi tentativi quasi alchemici condotti agli inizi dell’Ottocento per la realizzazione dei polimeri artificiali alla Bakelite - la prima plastica sintetica -, alle plastiche svincolate dal petrolio “per necessità” del periodo autarchico, a quelle sintetiche della modernità caratterizzate dai grandi numeri inaugurate dal Moplen, fino alle ricerche più recenti che, anche se con ben altri mezzi e conoscenze, segnano un ritorno verso le plastiche naturali. Particolare attenzione è riservata alle questioni ambientali determinate dall’impiego sia dei polimeri di sintesi che dai bio-polimeri, evidenziando la complessità di una tematica che è spesso liquidata con superficiali semplificazioni. Il saggio, partendo dal binomio plastiche naturali/plastiche sintetiche, si configura come una più generale riflessione sul rapporto tra natura e artificio nella società dei consumi.
Plastiche senza petrolio: dalle lacche cinesi ai bio-polimeri del futuro / Cecchini, Cecilia. - STAMPA. - 2(2014), pp. 23-45.
Plastiche senza petrolio: dalle lacche cinesi ai bio-polimeri del futuro
CECCHINI, Cecilia
2014
Abstract
It’s back to the future: from renewable sources to petroleum and back. That is one way of summarising this essay’s argument, as it provides a wide-ranging analysis of natural, artificial and synthetic polymeric materials. The most interesting investigations conducted by contemporary research on bioplastics are critically part of a more general treatment that reconstructs the history and use of what is a vast family of plastics, stressing (among other things) their relationship with changing society: from the first, almost alchemic attempts to create artificial polymers conducted in the early 1800s to Bakelite, the first synthetic plastic; from the petroleum-free plastics developed ‘out of necessity’ during the self-sufficiency drive of the twentieth century to modern synthetic plastics (characterised by the mass production which began with Moplen), right up to the latest research that, though availing itself of infinitely more advanced tools and knowledge, marks a return to natural plastics. Particular attention is paid to environmental concerns regarding the use of both synthetic polymers and biopolymers, highlighting the complexity of an issue that is often dismissed with superficial oversimplification. While it begins by tackling natural plastics versus synthetic plastics, the essay develops into a more general reflection on the relationship between the natural and the artificial in consumer society.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.