Conclusions

The main lessons learned from the case studies presented in this book are reviewed in order to formulate recommendations for further research and action in adaptation to climate change. Firstly, the present state of knowledge on the main components of vulnerability to climate change in large Sub-Saharan cities is assessed. To that end, the following set of components has been identified: hazard, sensitive area, exposure, adaptive capacity, adaptation measures, and risk. Next, a series of steps for improving available knowledge before or during planning adaptation is defined. Lastly, the issue of how to identify the most opportune adaptation options and measures is examined and a five-step process for planning adaptation is proposed as follows: 1. Identify possible measures; 2. Localize measures; 3. Plan measures; 4. Manage measures; and 5. Identify entry points. Challenges and related recommendations are outlined for each step of the process and with reference to the case studies of Da