The UNEP Governing Council further identified the need to develop science-based criteria and a procedure for identifying additional POPs as candidates for future international action and recognised the need to develop an instrument that would take into account differing regional conditions. With funding from the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and support from several donor countries2, the United Nations Environment Programme implemented a project to regionally assess PTS. The assessment should lead to the identification of priorities for future GEF intervention, and through application of a root cause analysis, should attempt to identify appropriate measures to control, reduce or eliminate releases of PTS, at national, regional or global levels and stimulate research through the identification of data gaps. The activities to be undertaken in the project comprised an evaluation of the sources of persistent toxic substances, their levels in the environment and consequent impact on biota and humans, their modes of transport over a range of distances, the existing alternatives to their use and remedial options, as well as the barriers that prevent their good management. The outcome of this project will be a scientific assessment of the threats posed by persistent toxic substances to the environment and human health. For the implementation of the project, the globe was divided into twelve regions3, one of which being the Mediterranean, which is the object of the present Report. Under the direction of a project manager who is situated at UNEP Chemicals in Geneva (Switzerland), a Regional Co-ordinator and a Regional Team were appointed by UNEP to co-ordinate the collection and interpretation of existing data and to produce the Regional Report on the PTS selected for analysis. This Report should be drafted on the basis of: �� contributions from individuals through the completion of questionnaires previously prepared for collecting information on sources, levels, effects and transboundary movements of PTS, as well as on the barriers to their sustainable management; - a series of regional Technical Workshops to review the regionally available data and information collected by experts from the region, including discussion papers setting the scene for these workshops; and - a “Priority Setting” meeting which will bring together stakeholders from various sectors of academia, government, NGOs and the private sector to prioritise the issues and discuss their root causes. A network of PTS experts and national focal points were part of the supporting structure for the regional assessment. At the end, consolidation of the results of the regional analyses will provide the basis for a global assessment, to highlight priority issues, suggest interventions to address the problems identified, and to provide guidance to the GEF for further actions. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION 1.1 DEFINITION OF THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION 1.2 PHYSICAL SETTING 1.3 PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT 1.4 SCOPE OF THE REGIONAL ASSESSMENT REFERENCES 2 SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION 2.1 PRODUCTION AND USE DATA FOR PERSISTENT PESTICIDES 2.2 SOURCES OF INDUSTRIAL PERISTENT TOXIC CHEMICALS 2.3 SOURCES OF UNINTENTIONAL PERSISTENT TOXIC BY-PRODUCTS 2.4 OTHER PTS OF CONCERN IN THE REGION 2.5 EMISSIONS OF SELECTED PTSS 2.6 SUMMARY OF MOST SIGNIFICANT REGIONAL PTS 2.7 DATA GAPS 2.8 REFERENCES 3 ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS, TOXICOLOGICAL AND ECOTOXICOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION 3.1 CONCENTRATIONS OF PTS IN ABIOTIC COMPARTMENTS 3.2 CONCENTRATIONS OF PTS IN BIOTA, INCLUDING HUMANS 3.3 EVIDENCE OF HARMFUL EFFECTS 3.4 COMPARISON OF MEASURED DATA 3.5 CASE STUDIES 3.6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 3.7 REFERENCES 4 ASSESSMENT OF MAJOR PATHWAYS OF PTS TRANSPORT 4.1 ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION AND DEPOSITION OF PTS 4.2 RIVER AND WASTEWATER DISCHARGES OF PTSS 4.3 MEDITERRANEAN SEAWATER EXCHANGES 4.4 BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF LONG RANGE TRANSPORT OF PTS 4.5 SUMMARY AND DATA GAPS 4.6 REFERENCES 5 PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE REGIONAL CAPACITY AND NEEDS TO MANAGE PTS 5.1 EXISTING CAPACITY TO MONITOR PTS 5.2 REGULATION AND MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES ADDRESSING PTS 5.3 STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT IN THE REGION 5.4 EXAMPLES OF ALTERNATIVES OR MEASURES FOR REDUCTION 5.5 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ISSUES 5.6 IDENTIFICATION OF NEEDS, FOR REGIONAL CO-OPERATION 5.7 REFERENCES 6 CONCLUSIONS 6.1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE BARRIERS 6.2 PRIORITY PTS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN THE REGION 6.3 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE ACTIVITIES ANNEX I, ANNEX II, ANNEX III. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS TO TECHNICAL MEETINGS GENERAL DEFINITIONS OF PTS STATUS OF COUNTRIES TO PIC

Regionally Based Assessment of Persistent Toxic Substances:MEDITERRANEAN REGIONAL REPORT / Joan, Albaiges; Fouad, Abousamra; Assem, Barakat; Jean Francoise, Narbonne; Mladen, Picer; Iacomelli, Aldo; Elena De, Felip; Jordi, Bruno; Jordi, Diaz. - STAMPA. - (2003).

Regionally Based Assessment of Persistent Toxic Substances:MEDITERRANEAN REGIONAL REPORT

IACOMELLI, ALDO;
2003

Abstract

The UNEP Governing Council further identified the need to develop science-based criteria and a procedure for identifying additional POPs as candidates for future international action and recognised the need to develop an instrument that would take into account differing regional conditions. With funding from the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and support from several donor countries2, the United Nations Environment Programme implemented a project to regionally assess PTS. The assessment should lead to the identification of priorities for future GEF intervention, and through application of a root cause analysis, should attempt to identify appropriate measures to control, reduce or eliminate releases of PTS, at national, regional or global levels and stimulate research through the identification of data gaps. The activities to be undertaken in the project comprised an evaluation of the sources of persistent toxic substances, their levels in the environment and consequent impact on biota and humans, their modes of transport over a range of distances, the existing alternatives to their use and remedial options, as well as the barriers that prevent their good management. The outcome of this project will be a scientific assessment of the threats posed by persistent toxic substances to the environment and human health. For the implementation of the project, the globe was divided into twelve regions3, one of which being the Mediterranean, which is the object of the present Report. Under the direction of a project manager who is situated at UNEP Chemicals in Geneva (Switzerland), a Regional Co-ordinator and a Regional Team were appointed by UNEP to co-ordinate the collection and interpretation of existing data and to produce the Regional Report on the PTS selected for analysis. This Report should be drafted on the basis of: �� contributions from individuals through the completion of questionnaires previously prepared for collecting information on sources, levels, effects and transboundary movements of PTS, as well as on the barriers to their sustainable management; - a series of regional Technical Workshops to review the regionally available data and information collected by experts from the region, including discussion papers setting the scene for these workshops; and - a “Priority Setting” meeting which will bring together stakeholders from various sectors of academia, government, NGOs and the private sector to prioritise the issues and discuss their root causes. A network of PTS experts and national focal points were part of the supporting structure for the regional assessment. At the end, consolidation of the results of the regional analyses will provide the basis for a global assessment, to highlight priority issues, suggest interventions to address the problems identified, and to provide guidance to the GEF for further actions. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION 1.1 DEFINITION OF THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION 1.2 PHYSICAL SETTING 1.3 PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT 1.4 SCOPE OF THE REGIONAL ASSESSMENT REFERENCES 2 SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION 2.1 PRODUCTION AND USE DATA FOR PERSISTENT PESTICIDES 2.2 SOURCES OF INDUSTRIAL PERISTENT TOXIC CHEMICALS 2.3 SOURCES OF UNINTENTIONAL PERSISTENT TOXIC BY-PRODUCTS 2.4 OTHER PTS OF CONCERN IN THE REGION 2.5 EMISSIONS OF SELECTED PTSS 2.6 SUMMARY OF MOST SIGNIFICANT REGIONAL PTS 2.7 DATA GAPS 2.8 REFERENCES 3 ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS, TOXICOLOGICAL AND ECOTOXICOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION 3.1 CONCENTRATIONS OF PTS IN ABIOTIC COMPARTMENTS 3.2 CONCENTRATIONS OF PTS IN BIOTA, INCLUDING HUMANS 3.3 EVIDENCE OF HARMFUL EFFECTS 3.4 COMPARISON OF MEASURED DATA 3.5 CASE STUDIES 3.6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 3.7 REFERENCES 4 ASSESSMENT OF MAJOR PATHWAYS OF PTS TRANSPORT 4.1 ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION AND DEPOSITION OF PTS 4.2 RIVER AND WASTEWATER DISCHARGES OF PTSS 4.3 MEDITERRANEAN SEAWATER EXCHANGES 4.4 BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF LONG RANGE TRANSPORT OF PTS 4.5 SUMMARY AND DATA GAPS 4.6 REFERENCES 5 PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE REGIONAL CAPACITY AND NEEDS TO MANAGE PTS 5.1 EXISTING CAPACITY TO MONITOR PTS 5.2 REGULATION AND MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES ADDRESSING PTS 5.3 STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT IN THE REGION 5.4 EXAMPLES OF ALTERNATIVES OR MEASURES FOR REDUCTION 5.5 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ISSUES 5.6 IDENTIFICATION OF NEEDS, FOR REGIONAL CO-OPERATION 5.7 REFERENCES 6 CONCLUSIONS 6.1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE BARRIERS 6.2 PRIORITY PTS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN THE REGION 6.3 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE ACTIVITIES ANNEX I, ANNEX II, ANNEX III. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS TO TECHNICAL MEETINGS GENERAL DEFINITIONS OF PTS STATUS OF COUNTRIES TO PIC
2003
Persistent toxic substances; Mediterranean sea; Marine Environment; UNEP; MEDPOL; Marine pollution; Land based source of pollution.
03 Monografia::03a Saggio, Trattato Scientifico
Regionally Based Assessment of Persistent Toxic Substances:MEDITERRANEAN REGIONAL REPORT / Joan, Albaiges; Fouad, Abousamra; Assem, Barakat; Jean Francoise, Narbonne; Mladen, Picer; Iacomelli, Aldo; Elena De, Felip; Jordi, Bruno; Jordi, Diaz. - STAMPA. - (2003).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11573/476172
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