Herbicides (new generation): imidazolinones, aryloxyphenoxyprpionic acids/esters, and diphenilethers, analysis of

This article critically examines the existing methodologies including residue isolation and preconcentration, cleanup, chromatographic analysis, such as gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), hyphenated techniques, such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS), and some nonchromatographic techniques, such as immunoassay (IA), of herbicide residues in crops, food, and environmental samples. The main structural groups of herbicides discussed are imidazolinones (IMIs), aryloxyphenoxy propionic acids/esters, and diphenyl ethers (DPhEs)