The chapter “Ethics and AI: Contents” provides upper secondary school teachers with the conceptual foundations of AI & Ethics Literacy, in three sections. The first introduces normative ethics (consequentialism, deontology, virtue ethics) through thought experiments such as the trolley problem, and links them to applied ethics via Beauchamp and Childress’s four principles and the contrast between sanctity and quality of life. The second maps the foundations of artificial intelligence: the problem of definition, a classification of agents (analytic, executive, interactive), the distinction between narrow and strong AI, key technologies from machine learning to Large Language Models, and the mechanisms through which bias arises and is amplified by feedback loops. The third examines AI ethics as a practical principlism guided by phronesis, reconstructs its traditions, and presents the European requirements for trustworthy AI and the risk-based structure of the AI Act. The chapter concludes with concrete cases (invisible labour, environmental costs, algorithmic discrimination) and with the risk of delegating thought to AI, offering three guiding questions: who benefits and who pays, who decides and how, who is excluded.
Il capitolo «Etica e IA: i contenuti» fornisce ai docenti della scuola secondaria di secondo grado la base concettuale per l’AI & Ethics Literacy, articolandosi in tre sezioni. La prima presenta le etiche normative (consequenzialismo, deontologia, etica della virtù) attraverso esperimenti mentali come il trolley problem, e le collega all’etica applicata mediante i quattro principi di Beauchamp e Childress e l’opposizione tra sacralità e qualità della vita. La seconda offre una mappa dei fondamenti dell’intelligenza artificiale: il problema della definizione, la classificazione degli agenti (analitici, esecutivi, interattivi), la distinzione tra IA debole e forte, le tecnologie chiave dal machine learning ai Large Language Models, e i meccanismi con cui i bias si generano e si amplificano nei cicli di retroazione. La terza esamina l’etica dell’IA come principialismo pratico, guidato dalla phronesis, ne ricostruisce le tradizioni e illustra i requisiti europei per un’IA affidabile e il sistema di rischio dell’AI Act. Il capitolo si chiude su casi concreti (lavoro invisibile, costi ambientali, discriminazione algoritmica) e sul rischio di delegare all’IA il compito di pensare, indicando tre domande guida: chi beneficia e chi paga, chi decide e come, chi viene escluso.
Etica e IA. I contenuti / Tenneriello, Luca; Cristina Carrisi, Maria; Catarci, Tiziana; De La Higuera, Colin; Mancini, Massimiliano; Nieddu, Giorgia; Strahovnik, Vojko. - (2026), pp. 21-36.
Etica e IA. I contenuti
Luca Tenneriello
Co-primo
;Tiziana CatarciCo-primo
;Massimiliano ManciniCo-primo
;
2026
Abstract
The chapter “Ethics and AI: Contents” provides upper secondary school teachers with the conceptual foundations of AI & Ethics Literacy, in three sections. The first introduces normative ethics (consequentialism, deontology, virtue ethics) through thought experiments such as the trolley problem, and links them to applied ethics via Beauchamp and Childress’s four principles and the contrast between sanctity and quality of life. The second maps the foundations of artificial intelligence: the problem of definition, a classification of agents (analytic, executive, interactive), the distinction between narrow and strong AI, key technologies from machine learning to Large Language Models, and the mechanisms through which bias arises and is amplified by feedback loops. The third examines AI ethics as a practical principlism guided by phronesis, reconstructs its traditions, and presents the European requirements for trustworthy AI and the risk-based structure of the AI Act. The chapter concludes with concrete cases (invisible labour, environmental costs, algorithmic discrimination) and with the risk of delegating thought to AI, offering three guiding questions: who benefits and who pays, who decides and how, who is excluded.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


