Reflections on the Concept of Peace in the Context of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is emerging globally as a transformative force, raising questions about its potential role in fostering a just and peaceful society. Peace, as a construct, is defined as a human process involving negotiation, mediation, and the ability to resolve conflicts non-violently (Bertin, 1975). According to Galtung (2014), peace extends beyond the mere absence of conflict; it requires a transformative process that transcends rigid dichotomies. Conflict, in this perspective, cannot be permanently resolved but only transcended. To "transcend" means to redefine a situation so that what initially appeared incompatible or blocked can open up to a new perspective. This study explores the potential contributions of AI to building a culture of peace. While AI possesses the capacity to analyze conflicts and propose solutions, it lacks moral awareness and empathy—critical dimensions required to address the complexities of peace (Cruciani, 2023). Bandura (2001) defines agency as an interactive process emerging from human interaction. However, AI lacks autonomous intention and the ethical dimension necessary to independently define its actions. On the other hand, Lipman (2003) emphasizes the importance of critical thinking in conflict resolution, highlighting that only through profound reflection and the exercise of independent thought can ideological rigidity be overcome and peaceful solutions identified. Although AI can assist in conflict management, it is evident that peace—understood as the ability to comprehend, negotiate, and act morally—remains a uniquely human endeavor (Bandura, 2006; Manzotti & Rossi, 2023; Pellizzoni, 2024).