This essay analyses the two historiated lintels of the southern facade of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, currently housed in the Rockefeller Archaeological Museum. Through an investigation combining technical, iconographic, and functional analysis, the study clarifies that these artifacts were not original structural elements, but rather thin “false lintels” produced locally and applied as an "ongoing update" to portals already completed in the third quarter of the 12th century. The analysis highlights a clear distinction between the two panels, likely the work of different workshops utilizing distinct mounting systems. The western lintel presents scenes from the Passion of Christ, serving as a narrative prelude to Salvation for pilgrims heading toward the Anastasis. The eastern lintel, characterized by a refined inhabited scroll frieze featuring mythological and monstrous figures, draws on a different language inspired by imperial models and medieval bestiaries. The research proposes that this iconographic diversification reflected the functionality of the entrances of the Basilica: while the left portal was intended for devotional use, the right one – which led to the chorus dominorum – became in the 12th century a dynastic pantheon for the Kings of Jerusalem.
Attualmente fuori sede e conservati presso il Rockefeller Archaeological Museum, i due lintelli istoriati della facciata meridionale del Santo Sepolcro di Gerusalemme dichiarano il loro status di "falsi-architravi", prodotti localmente e applicati come aggiornamento in corsa a portali già ultimati nel terzo quarto del XII secolo. Si rileva una netta distinzione tra i due pannelli, probabile opera di officine esperte anche in differenti sistemi di montaggio. Il lintello occidentale presenta scene della Passione di Cristo, configurandosi come un preludio narrativo alla Salvezza per i pellegrini diretti all’Anastasis. Il lintello orientale, caratterizzato da un raffinato fregio a girali abitato da figure mitologiche e mostruose, attinge a un linguaggio antiquariale ispirato a modelli imperiali e ai bestiari medievali. Una simile diversificazione iconografica pare rispecchiare la funzionalità degli accessi al santuario: mentre il portale sinistro era destinato all’uso devozionale, quello destro – che introduceva al chorus dominorum – acquisì nel XII secolo la connotazione di pantheon dinastico per i re di Gerusalemme.
The offsite lintels of the Rockefeller Museum / Pistilli, Pio Francesco; Planamente, Jessica. - (2026), pp. 241-253. - STUDIUM BIBLICUM FRANCISCANUM MUSEUM.
The offsite lintels of the Rockefeller Museum
pio francesco pistilli
;jessica planamente
2026
Abstract
This essay analyses the two historiated lintels of the southern facade of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, currently housed in the Rockefeller Archaeological Museum. Through an investigation combining technical, iconographic, and functional analysis, the study clarifies that these artifacts were not original structural elements, but rather thin “false lintels” produced locally and applied as an "ongoing update" to portals already completed in the third quarter of the 12th century. The analysis highlights a clear distinction between the two panels, likely the work of different workshops utilizing distinct mounting systems. The western lintel presents scenes from the Passion of Christ, serving as a narrative prelude to Salvation for pilgrims heading toward the Anastasis. The eastern lintel, characterized by a refined inhabited scroll frieze featuring mythological and monstrous figures, draws on a different language inspired by imperial models and medieval bestiaries. The research proposes that this iconographic diversification reflected the functionality of the entrances of the Basilica: while the left portal was intended for devotional use, the right one – which led to the chorus dominorum – became in the 12th century a dynastic pantheon for the Kings of Jerusalem.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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