Strategie sostenibili per la conservazione e trasformazione dei giardini zoologici del XX secolo. Il caso studio dello zoo di Napoli

This research focuses on the transformation of zoos, examining the complex relationship between the conservation of historic architecture (both built and botanical) and the ethical requirements of modern animal welfare. The origins of zoos lie in the human desire to control and display the animal and plant world: the earliest zoos served as showcases to demonstrate the power and wealth of their owners. Over time, they have evolved into institutions dedicated to scientific research and the conservation of animal species. However, the architectural structures of many zoos, particularly those from the 20th century, such as the Naples Wildlife Garden, designed by Luigi Piccinato for both its architecture and landscaping, now present significant challenges. These historic structures need to be adapted to contemporary standards, balancing conservation needs with the responsibility to provide better living conditions for the animals. The primary objective of the research is to explore sustainable solutions for the transformation of zoos, thereby considering these two critical aspects: the conservation of architectural, botanical and landscape heritage, and the promotion of animal welfare. The most radical scenario envisages zoos at the end of their life cycle as animal-free spaces, where the architecture and landscapes remain as cultural heritage sites, embedded within the modern city. The research therefore aims to begin exploring the current state of Naples Zoo and to envisage possible solutions for its transformation into a park open to the city, respecting the historical value of the zoological structures and adapting them to modern needs.