The essay traces the severed head through four heterogeneous devices between the late eighteenth and the nineteenth century — the guillotine, Madame Tussaud's waxworks, Géricault's painted heads, and Tenchini's anatomical collections — to show how juridical modernisation did not eliminate the punitive spectacle but redistributed it across new spaces and regimes of visibility. The guillotine is reread beyond the phenomenological approach, as a symbolic machine of the social body; the wax museum as a structural inversion of the scaffold, from compulsory execution to paid spectacle; Géricault's heads as the abandonment of all hagiographic mediation in favour of an existential meditation on death; Tenchini's masks as the extreme point where the material presence of the condemned — no longer simulacrum but remains — is recoded under the guise of positivist science. The essay highlights the constitutive porosity of the boundaries between art, science, and spectacle, and the excess symbolic charge that the severed head retains beyond the functions successively assigned to it, opening up still unexplored research directions on the relationship between public opinion, images of the executed body, and the legitimacy of justice from the Ancien Régime to the liberal age.
Il saggio segue la testa recisa attraverso quattro dispositivi eterogenei tra fine Settecento e Ottocento — la ghigliottina, le cere di Madame Tussaud, le teste dipinte di Géricault, le collezioni anatomiche di Tenchini — per mostrare come la modernizzazione giuridica non abbia eliminato lo spettacolo punitivo ma lo abbia ridistribuito in nuovi spazi e regimi di visibilità. La ghigliottina viene riletta oltre l'approccio fenomenologico, come macchina simbolica del corpo sociale; il museo delle cere come inversione strutturale del patibolo, dall'esecuzione obbligatoria allo spettacolo a pagamento; le teste di Géricault come abbandono di ogni mediazione agiografica a favore di una meditazione esistenziale sulla morte; le maschere di Tenchini come punto estremo in cui la presenza materiale del corpo del condannato — non più simulacro ma resto — viene ricodificata sotto le forme della scienza positivista. Il saggio evidenzia la costitutiva porosità dei confini tra arte, scienza e spettacolo e la carica simbolica eccedente che la testa tagliata conserva rispetto alle funzioni di volta in volta assegnatele, aprendo direzioni di ricerca ancora inesplorate sul rapporto tra opinione pubblica, immagini del corpo giustiziato e legittimità della giustizia tra antico regime ed età liberale.
Teste tagliate, teste figurate: dalla ghigliottina al museo / Roscioni, Lisa. - (2026), pp. 185-206.
Teste tagliate, teste figurate: dalla ghigliottina al museo
Lisa Roscioni
2026
Abstract
The essay traces the severed head through four heterogeneous devices between the late eighteenth and the nineteenth century — the guillotine, Madame Tussaud's waxworks, Géricault's painted heads, and Tenchini's anatomical collections — to show how juridical modernisation did not eliminate the punitive spectacle but redistributed it across new spaces and regimes of visibility. The guillotine is reread beyond the phenomenological approach, as a symbolic machine of the social body; the wax museum as a structural inversion of the scaffold, from compulsory execution to paid spectacle; Géricault's heads as the abandonment of all hagiographic mediation in favour of an existential meditation on death; Tenchini's masks as the extreme point where the material presence of the condemned — no longer simulacrum but remains — is recoded under the guise of positivist science. The essay highlights the constitutive porosity of the boundaries between art, science, and spectacle, and the excess symbolic charge that the severed head retains beyond the functions successively assigned to it, opening up still unexplored research directions on the relationship between public opinion, images of the executed body, and the legitimacy of justice from the Ancien Régime to the liberal age.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


