Conceived as heterogeneous memories of the Crusader Levant, the centralplanned churches have long played a pivotal role in the scholarship of the Military Orders’ sacred architecture. However, research on the Eastern models and on their Western emulations has often been shaped by both the a priori attribution of nonlongitudinal and obscurely sourced structures to the Templars and the Hospitallers, and by a fragmented understanding of the phenomenon on an international scale. This essay retraces the debate on the link between the centralplanned buildings and the Military Orders from its nineteenthcentury origins, examining the evolving interpretations in light of the most recent studies and archaeological findings. Furthermore, this analysis challenges the notion of a uniform replication of centrally planned churches, highlighting the diversity of solutions adopted, the influence of local factors in their definition, as well as the internal and external competition among the brethren. Through a critical reassessment of the established status quaestionis, this study outlines new perspectives of research, fostering a broader understanding of the relationship between sacred architecture and Military Orders.
Intese come memorie eterogenee del Levante crociato, le chiese a pianta centrale hanno per lungo tempo catalizzato la storiografia sull’edilizia sacra degli Ordini militari. Tuttavia, la ricerca sui modelli orientali e sulle emulazioni occidentali è stata spesso condizionata da attribuzioni aprioristiche di architetture non longitudinali o di origine ignota ai Templari e agli Ospedalieri, e da una visione frammentaria del fenomeno che si estese su scala internazionale. Questo saggio ripercorre il dibattito sul legame tra le architetture a pianta centrale e gli Ordini militari fin dall’Ottocento, esaminando l’evolversi delle interpretazioni alla luce degli studi recenti e grazie ai dati provenienti dalle indagini archeologiche. L’analisi mette inoltre in discussione l’idea di una riproposizione uniforme della pianta centrale evidenziando la varietà delle soluzioni adottate, il ruolo svolto dai fattori locali nella loro definizione e le competizioni interne ed esterne alle istituzioni. Attraverso una riflessione sullo status quaestionis, si delineano delle nuove piste di ricerca per una comprensione più strutturata del rapporto tra l’architettura sacra e gli Ordini militari.
Gli Ordini militari e le chiese a pianta centrale. Vecchie riflessioni e nuove prospettive / Mercuri, Lorenzo. - (2026), pp. 111-144.
Gli Ordini militari e le chiese a pianta centrale. Vecchie riflessioni e nuove prospettive
Lorenzo Mercuri
Primo
2026
Abstract
Conceived as heterogeneous memories of the Crusader Levant, the centralplanned churches have long played a pivotal role in the scholarship of the Military Orders’ sacred architecture. However, research on the Eastern models and on their Western emulations has often been shaped by both the a priori attribution of nonlongitudinal and obscurely sourced structures to the Templars and the Hospitallers, and by a fragmented understanding of the phenomenon on an international scale. This essay retraces the debate on the link between the centralplanned buildings and the Military Orders from its nineteenthcentury origins, examining the evolving interpretations in light of the most recent studies and archaeological findings. Furthermore, this analysis challenges the notion of a uniform replication of centrally planned churches, highlighting the diversity of solutions adopted, the influence of local factors in their definition, as well as the internal and external competition among the brethren. Through a critical reassessment of the established status quaestionis, this study outlines new perspectives of research, fostering a broader understanding of the relationship between sacred architecture and Military Orders.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


