Az akcióminőség kategóriája a magyarban és az olaszban. Tipológiai alapú kontrasztív elemzés (The category of Aktionsart in Hungarian and Italian. A typology-based contrastive analysis)

The aim of this study is to compare the Aktionsarten expressed by morphological means in Hungarian and Italian. Similar to the rich Hungarian Aktionsart system is found in Slavic languages. It is no coincidence that the concept of Aktionsart appears for the first time in the context of a work dealing with the Polish language (Agrell, 1908) in the sense of the course of the action, process or event denoted by the verb. Before Agrell, aspect was used as an umbrella term including Aktionsart, which is now considered a separate category. Aspect and Aktionsart are closely related linguistic phenomena, they are both associated with the internal temporal constituency of situations. Actionsart is also called lexical aspect in the literature, as it refers to features already present in the meaning of the verb (e.g. continuity, durability, telicity) which are similar to those expressed by the grammatical aspect, but which, unlike the grammatical aspect, are not chosen by the speaker to express a specific, subjective point of view regarding an event included in a given utterance; they are the inherent, objective attributes of the verb. Actionsart is therefore a lexical category, while aspect is a grammatical category. We will see that in contrast to the system of Hungarian counting thirteen Aktionsarten expressed by preverbs and the suffix -gat/-get, in Italian we cannot speak of productive Aktionsart. It happens that certain Aktionsarten can be displayed, but this language category can be expressed mainly phrasally, because the appropriate morphological tools are not available, since inflecting languages are always poorer than agglutinating ones. In Italian, the morphologically marked Aktionsarten are also closely linked to the aspect, both in terms of their semantics and their formal expression.