Un quadro metodologico per l’analisi di dati multi-source finalizzata alla valutazione e alla conservazione del patrimonio culturale

The evolution of the concept of Cultural Heritage (CH) from an isolated monument to a complex object, a synthesis of tangible and intangible components (Vecco, 2010) and a vector of sustainable economic and social development processes (Janssen et al., 2017), has profoundly changed the objectives of conservation, protection and enhancement practices, emphasising the need to work on cultural heritage by including transformation scenarios (Seekamp & Jo, 2020) necessary for the preservation of their Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) (UNESCO, 2021). In particular, in recent years, the acceleration of the effects of climate change (CC), the increasingly frequent occurrence of extreme natural phenomena and the dramatic destruction caused by recent war events, have triggered a shared and global drive in the direction of defining strategies for the inclusion of risk assessment plans and prevention, mitigation and contrast measures aimed at avoiding or reducing the impact that the occurrence of a specific damage condition may produce (Sabbioni et al., 2006; Shaw, 2022). In this perspective, the construction of Heritage Digital Twin (HDT) models (Niccolucci et al., 2022) is fundamental in the analysis of risk scenarios because it allows to: document the current state of the heritage; place it in a specific context, allowing the integration of climatic data according to simulations and predictions of the impact of specific conditions before they occur; contribute to the elaboration of mitigation and management plans for the assets.The analysis of hazards with potential impact on CH is a complex operation that brings a lot of data into play and therefore requires a holistic and multidisciplinary approach, as well as an awareness of existing methods for assessing them. In this regard, the PNRR Research Project1 presented here is aimed at studying and developing innovative solutions to mitigate the effects of CC and natural and anthropogenic hazards on CH, starting from the identification of knowledge gaps in the models developed in other recent research projects. The objective of the research, through an interdisciplinary approach between Environmental Design, History of Architecture and Botany, is the development of a methodological framework to work on the collected data through the elaboration of a multi-criteria matrix, which considers the evaluation of past resilience and adaptation models and the comprehensive risk analysis on the CC multivariate effect. A process aimed, therefore, at the development of a shared framework for modelling, simulation and monitoring of data, for the integration of knowledge fields to support the Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method (MCDM) (Battisti et al., 2022), preparatory to the development of an interdisciplinary framework for a Decision Support System (DSS) (Sunguroglu Hensel et al., 2022) intended for Architectural Heritage (AH) and Historical Landscapes (HL).