Xiyu kaogu: qingtong shidai zhi gongyuan 9 shiji西域考古:青铜时代至公元9世纪 (Western Regions Archaeology: The Bronze Age to the 9th Century AD)

本专著旨在对中亚地区从原史时期至阿拉伯征服时期的考古学研究进行尽可能全面而批判性的综述。研究范围西起里海，东至中国甘肃走廊入口；北以欧亚草原南缘及天山山脉为界，南界包括科佩特山脉（伊朗—土库曼斯坦边界）、阿富汗的兴都库什山脉、帕米尔高原、喀喇昆仑山脉，以及更东部将中亚与青藏高原分隔的昆仑山和阿尔金山。天山西段与帕米尔高原构成一道自然屏障，将中亚划分为西部和东部两个主要地理区域。中亚西部大体对应于前苏联时期的中亚诸共和国——土库曼斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦（含卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦自治共和国）、塔吉克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦和哈萨克斯坦，并包括阿富汗兴都库什山脉以北地区；中亚东部则相当于中华人民共和国新疆维吾尔自治区南部，即塔里木盆地。 前两章系统梳理了中亚西部的原史文化，分别讨论青铜时代（约公元前3000—1500年）和铁器时代（约公元前1500年至公元前4世纪）。铁器时代的末期，即阿契美尼德时期（公元前6—4世纪），按照传统史学标准标志着该地区正式进入历史时代。第三章分析了希腊势力在巴克特里亚及其周边地区的政治与文化影响；第四章则关注未纳入希腊化体系的区域，以及公元前3世纪至公元1世纪期间重塑中亚西部政治格局的人口迁徙现象。第五章专门讨论贵霜王朝（公元1—3世纪）的考古证据，第六章考察公元3—5世纪这一在历史政治解释上极具争议的时期。第七章以整体视角探讨佛教自公元2至8世纪在中亚的传播，着重揭示其内在发展机制及其建筑与艺术形态的系统性与一致性。第八章聚焦中亚西部的早期中世纪（公元6—9世纪），这一时期不仅是文化高度繁荣的阶段，也标志着阿拉伯征服逐步推进的历史进程。 最后三章转向中亚东部，即新疆南部地区，分别论述原史时期与佛教考古研究的最新进展，以及塔里木盆地南部和北部的重要遗址、纪念性建筑与代表性考古发现。

This monograph aims to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of archaeological research in Central Asia from the Protohistoric period to the Arab conquest. The geographical scope extends from the Caspian Sea in the west to the entrance of the Gansu Corridor in China, bounded to the north by the southern belt of the Eurasian steppes and the Tian Shan range, and to the south by the Kopet Dag, Hindu Kush, Pamir, Karakorum, Kunlun, and Altin Tagh mountain systems. The western foothills of the Tian Shan and the Pamir form a natural divide between two major regions: Western and Eastern Central Asia. Western Central Asia corresponds largely to the territories of the former Soviet republics—Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (including Karakalpakstan), Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan—as well as northern Afghanistan. Eastern Central Asia coincides with southern Xinjiang (People’s Republic of China), encompassing the Tarim Basin. The first two chapters examine the Protohistoric cultures of Western Central Asia, focusing on the Bronze Age (ca. 3000–1500 BCE) and the Iron Age (ca. 1500 BCE–4th century BCE). The latter culminates in the Achaemenid period, which conventionally marks the region’s entry into the historical record. Chapter 3 addresses the political and cultural impact of Greek rule in Bactria and adjacent areas, while Chapter 4 explores regions beyond the Greek sphere and the migratory processes that reshaped the political landscape between the 3rd century BCE and the 1st century CE. Archaeological evidence from the Kushan dynasty (1st–3rd centuries CE) is the focus of Chapter 5, followed by Chapter 6, which discusses the complex and debated period between the 3rd and 5th centuries CE. Chapter 7 offers a unified analysis of the spread of Buddhism (2nd–8th centuries CE), emphasizing its internal dynamics and the coherence of its architectural and artistic expressions. Chapter 8 examines the early Middle Ages (6th–9th centuries CE), a period of remarkable cultural florescence that also witnessed the gradual advance of the Arab conquest. The final three chapters shift attention to Eastern Central Asia (southern Xinjiang), addressing recent advances in Protohistoric studies and Buddhist archaeology, and presenting key sites, monuments, and material culture from the southern and northern sectors of the Tarim Basin.