After a brief but essential examination of the plans and achievements of the papal government, this contribution analyzes the urban planning dynamics that influenced the construction of Rome as the capital of the Kingdom of Italy. Drawing on the knowledge acquired by historiography to date, it clarifies for the first time the substantial difference between the two maps of Rome by the engraver Micheletti, both dated 1873, which depict two versions, in chronological order, of the city's first master plan. Through consultation of the collections preserved in the Capitoline Historical Archives (minutes, documents, plans, and cartography), the city's major urban planning events during the early years of Rome's reign as capital are reinterpreted, annotated, and summarized in two previously unpublished documents: the report of April 27, 1882, by the Commission examining the city's master plan, and the report on the building works of the city of Rome drawn up by the engineers of the Municipality of Rome in 1888 and updated the following year. Comparing these reports with municipal documents, some of which were already known but only partially used, reveals not only the urgency of transforming the papal capital (whose plans from the final years of Pius IX's pontificate provided many elements of the new plans) into the seat of government of the Kingdom of Italy, but also the initial disorganization in relations between the State and the Municipality (led by opposing political factions). All this led to a succession of events and the appointment of numerous commissions that created, then (in the brief introductions to the minutes) and later (in historiography), a disorderly tangle of plans, dates, and names. This promiscuity of information, due to the large number of actors involved, reveals a clear sense of apprehension and a strong fear of inadequacy in completing this onerous undertaking. Indeed, unlike the expansion plans of the other two capitals, Turin and Florence, in the case of Rome, design and planning only came together later – once the plan was defined and projects were underway – in the assignment to Alessandro Viviani who, precisely for these reasons, and rightly so, defined himself as the "compiler" and not the author of the plan.
Il contributo, dopo una breve ma indispensabile disanima dei piani e delle realizzazioni del governo pontificio, analizza le dinamiche di pianificazione che intervennero nella costruzione di Roma capitale del Regno d’Italia, ripartendo dalle conoscenze acquisite finora dalla storiografia e chiarendo per la prima volta la differenza sostanziale tra le due piante di Roma, note con il nome dell’incisore Micheletti, entrambe datate 1873, che raffigurano due versioni, in successione cronologica, del primo piano regolatore della città. Grazie alla consultazione dei fondi conservati all’Archivio Storico Capitolino (verbali, documenti, planimetrie, cartografia), sono state rilette le principali vicende urbanistiche della città dei primi anni di Roma capitale, annotate e sintetizzate anche in due documenti finora mai analizzati: la relazione del 27 aprile 1882 della Commissione esaminatrice del piano regolatore della città, e quella sui Lavori edilizi della città di Roma compilata dai tecnici del Comune di Roma nel 1888 e aggiornata l’anno successivo. Dal raffronto tra questi resoconti e i documenti del Comune in parte già noti – ma solo parzialmente utilizzati – si evince non solo l’urgenza di trasformare la capitale pontificia (dai cui piani degli ultimi anni del pontificato di Pio IX derivano molti elementi dei nuovi progetti) nella sede del Governo del Regno d’Italia, ma anche l’iniziale disorganizzazione nei rapporti tra Stato e Comune (guidati da schieramenti politici opposti). Tutto ciò portò a una successione di eventi e nomine di numerose commissioni che creò, allora (nelle sintetiche introduzioni dei verbali) e successivamente (nella storiografia), un disordinato groviglio di progetti, date e nomi. Tale promiscuità di informazioni, dovuta alla gran quantità di attori in gioco, rivela un’evidente soggezione e un grande timore di inadeguatezza nella realizzazione del gravoso proponimento. Infatti, a differenza dei piani di ampliamento delle altre due capitali, Torino e Firenze, nel caso di Roma progettazione e pianificazione confluirono solo in un secondo momento - a piano impostato e progetti avviati - nell’incarico ad Alessandro Viviani che, proprio per questi motivi, e a ragion veduta, si autodefinì “compilatore” e non autore del piano.
Pianificazione e costruzione della Capitale. Nuovi quartieri e assi viari della città fino al 1887 / Manfredi, Carmen Vincenza; Benedetti, Simona. - (2025), pp. 85-110.
Pianificazione e costruzione della Capitale. Nuovi quartieri e assi viari della città fino al 1887
Carmen Vincenza ManfrediPrimo
;Simona BenedettiSecondo
2025
Abstract
After a brief but essential examination of the plans and achievements of the papal government, this contribution analyzes the urban planning dynamics that influenced the construction of Rome as the capital of the Kingdom of Italy. Drawing on the knowledge acquired by historiography to date, it clarifies for the first time the substantial difference between the two maps of Rome by the engraver Micheletti, both dated 1873, which depict two versions, in chronological order, of the city's first master plan. Through consultation of the collections preserved in the Capitoline Historical Archives (minutes, documents, plans, and cartography), the city's major urban planning events during the early years of Rome's reign as capital are reinterpreted, annotated, and summarized in two previously unpublished documents: the report of April 27, 1882, by the Commission examining the city's master plan, and the report on the building works of the city of Rome drawn up by the engineers of the Municipality of Rome in 1888 and updated the following year. Comparing these reports with municipal documents, some of which were already known but only partially used, reveals not only the urgency of transforming the papal capital (whose plans from the final years of Pius IX's pontificate provided many elements of the new plans) into the seat of government of the Kingdom of Italy, but also the initial disorganization in relations between the State and the Municipality (led by opposing political factions). All this led to a succession of events and the appointment of numerous commissions that created, then (in the brief introductions to the minutes) and later (in historiography), a disorderly tangle of plans, dates, and names. This promiscuity of information, due to the large number of actors involved, reveals a clear sense of apprehension and a strong fear of inadequacy in completing this onerous undertaking. Indeed, unlike the expansion plans of the other two capitals, Turin and Florence, in the case of Rome, design and planning only came together later – once the plan was defined and projects were underway – in the assignment to Alessandro Viviani who, precisely for these reasons, and rightly so, defined himself as the "compiler" and not the author of the plan.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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