Intenzionalità e intersoggettività: il carattere istituente della fenomenologia del linguaggio di Merleau-Ponty

Recalling the philosophy of the late Merleau-Ponty, this contribution aims to integrate the phenomenology of the body with a phenomenology of the institution. Indeed, we will do a deep focus into the phenomenology of institution in order to elaborate a conception of language not only as a gesture bounded by a subjectivity reduced to a bodily schema, but as an intersubjective horizon from which the subjectivity arises. We will show how, starting from Merleau-Ponty, it is possible to conceive the speaking subjectivity as preliminarily instituted by an intersubjective and impersonal linguistic background, which unveils, at the heart of the langue, a form of operating intentionality that gives to language the character of a device that shapes, through its signifying sedimentation, the individualities of the speakers and of their linguistic practices. With this last passage, which calls into question the concept of sedimentation, an attempt will be made to give a concrete foundation to the binomial of parole parlée and parole parlante, freeing it from the limits of a mechanics of subjective bio-behavioural automatisms insufficient to describe the semantic productivity that belongs to the praxis of parole.