Visualizing blood. A Visual ethnography of menstruation in India

My research explores women’s experiences and perceptions of menstruation in India, with a focus on Mumbai, by examining the visual representation of menstruation and menstrual blood in public and private contexts. Employing qualitative methods that integrate ethnographic and visual anthropological techniques, the study investigates how women perceive their bodies and their menstrual cycles, particularly in relation to imagery circulating in the public sphere. A key emphasis is placed on the influence of visual narratives, including those shaped by political campaigns and activist efforts, on individual and collective menstrual experiences. The study pursues three objectives. First, it analyzes visual representations of menstruation created by Indian artists, exploring the contexts of their production and dissemination across digital and non-digital platforms. This analysis seeks to understand how such works foster public dialogue and activism in a cultural environment that continues to stigmatize menstruation. Additionally, the research examines the broader impact of these representations on audiences, considering how they shape debates around menstruation and challenge societal taboos. Second, the research collects and analyzes ephemeral visual materials – such as flyers, posters, and brochures – produced by governmental and non-governmental organizations. These materials, often distributed in public spaces or events, target diverse audiences and hold the potential to create significant social impact, especially in communities with limited digital access. Finally, the study utilizes participatory visual methods, including visual elicitation during interviews and respondent-generated image production, to uncover new dimensions in the representation and perception of menstruation. These methods enable participants, both women and men, to contribute their perspectives through creative expression, fostering a deeper understanding of the cultural and social dynamics surrounding menstruation in India. This multifaceted approach aims to construct a comprehensive picture of the visual and cultural landscape of menstruation in Mumbai, contributing to broader discussions on gender, health, and societal change.