Toward system change, but in opposite directions: The reactionary-progressive tension in Italy

In a cultural context such as Italy, rooted in traditional values, feelings of security and predictability are threatened by post-modernity shifts. This results in a claim for reactionary (backward) change-i.e., seeking to reinstate an idealized status quo based on traditional values-witnessed by the widespread support of right-wing populist parties. Anti-gender protestors, for example, challenge current policies in the direction of greater intergroup inequality. On the opposite side, the transformations affecting Italy were accompanied by intensified social protest by members of socially disadvantaged groups, such as women and LGBTQI individuals, claiming more rights. They demand progressive (forward) change-i.e., seeking a new social order based on liberal values. NUDM (Not One Less; Italian: Non Una Di Meno) protestors, for example, challenge governing principles in the direction of greater intergroup equality. These polarized protests, both system-challenging but in opposite value-based directions, make Italy a fascinating case to analyze.