Inclusive growth and solidarity in the EU. Challenges, policy levers and the way forward

Chapter 3 looks at fairness from the macroeconomic perspective and considers the economy-wide investments that need to be made in order to strengthen it. Economic growth can be deemed fair when it is inclusive, benefiting all income groups, particularly the poorest. High income inequality is linked with inequality of opportunity, i.e. reduced social mobility. It dampens the incentives to invest in human capital, jeopardising potential growth and calling into question the fairness of the growth model.