This study aims to explore the thematic trends in religious tourism research, focusing on empirical studies conducted in Spain and Saudi Arabia. To achieve this, we began by collecting context-specific data using the Scopus and Web of Science databases, covering the period from 2015 to 2024. Subsequently, we applied natural language processing (NLP) techniques to preprocess the data. Methodologically, A co-word network analysis utilizing the Leiden algorithm iden-tified four thematic clusters for both contexts, reporting meaningful convergences and contrasts. Religious tourism in Spain and Saudi Arabia shares common elements, notably the spiritual motivations of visitors and the importance placed on the overall pilgrimage experience. In both countries, pilgrims are driven by religious, cultural, and spiritual reasons. For instance, the Camino de Santiago in Spain and the Hajj in Saudi Arabia are significant pilgrimages beyond religious obligations, encompassing personal and emotional journeys. Both countries also prioritize sustainability and environmental concerns, though Spain focuses on reducing the ecological impact of accommodations, while Saudi Arabia uses technology to manage pilgrim flows effi-ciently. However, the two contexts differ significantly: Spain emphasizes cultural traditions and the balance between tourism and sacredness, while Saudi Arabia adopts a more standardized, service-oriented approach, focusing on infrastructure, logistics, and continuous improvement in line with Vision 2030. The originality of this study lies in its comparative approach, which examines two distinct destina-tions of religious tourism and highlights both the convergences and divergences in thematic trends. Although significant cultural and regulatory differences characterize these two contexts, the findings reveal common concerns regarding sustainability and enhancing the pilgrim experience. However, the strategies adopted to achieve these objectives vary considerably, reflecting local adaptations to the global demands of religious tourism management. This duality between the convergence of goals and the divergence of methods offers a new perspective on religious tourism. It under-scores the importance of adaptive approaches in the planning and management of these destinations.
Questo studio mira a esplorare le tendenze tematiche nella ricerca sul turismo religioso, concentrandosi su studi empirici condotti in Spagna e Arabia Saudita. A tal fine, abbiamo iniziato raccogliendo dati specifici per contesto utilizzando i database Scopus e Web of Science, coprendo il periodo dal 2015 al 2024. Successivamente, abbiamo applicato tecniche di elaborazione del linguaggio naturale (NLP) per preelaborare i dati. Metodologicamente, un'analisi di rete di co-word basata sull'algoritmo di Leiden ha identificato quattro cluster tematici per entrambi i contesti, evidenziando convergenze e contrasti significativi. Il turismo religioso in Spagna e Arabia Saudita condivide elementi comuni, in particolare le motivazioni spirituali dei visitatori e l'importanza attribuita all'esperienza di pellegrinaggio nel suo complesso. In entrambi i Paesi, i pellegrini sono spinti da motivazioni religiose, culturali e spirituali. Ad esempio, il Cammino di Santiago in Spagna e l'Hajj in Arabia Saudita sono pellegrinaggi significativi che vanno oltre gli obblighi religiosi, comprendendo viaggi personali ed emozionali. Entrambi i Paesi danno priorità anche alla sostenibilità e alle problematiche ambientali, sebbene la Spagna si concentri sulla riduzione dell'impatto ecologico delle strutture ricettive, mentre l'Arabia Saudita utilizzi la tecnologia per gestire in modo efficiente i flussi di pellegrini. Tuttavia, i due contesti differiscono significativamente: la Spagna enfatizza le tradizioni culturali e l'equilibrio tra turismo e sacralità, mentre l'Arabia Saudita adotta un approccio più standardizzato e orientato al servizio, concentrandosi su infrastrutture, logistica e miglioramento continuo, in linea con la Vision 2030. L'originalità di questo studio risiede nel suo approccio comparativo, che esamina due distinte destinazioni del turismo religioso ed evidenzia sia le convergenze che le divergenze nelle tendenze tematiche. Sebbene significative differenze culturali e normative caratterizzino questi due contesti, i risultati rivelano preoccupazioni comuni in materia di sostenibilità e di miglioramento dell'esperienza del pellegrino. Tuttavia, le strategie adottate per raggiungere questi obiettivi variano considerevolmente, riflettendo gli adattamenti locali alle esigenze globali della gestione del turismo religioso. Questa dualità tra la convergenza degli obiettivi e la divergenza dei metodi offre una nuova prospettiva sul turismo religioso, sottolineando l'importanza degli approcci adattivi nella pianificazione e gestione di queste destinazioni.
A Comprehensive Insight into Religious Tourism Research Trends with Case Studies from Spain and Saudi Arabia: Constructing a Co-word Network Using the Leiden Clustering Algorithm and a Thematic Map / Sampieri, Sara; Saoualih, Abdellah; Safaa, Larbi; Martinez De Carnero Calzada, Fernando; Perone, Simona; Martínez-Peláez, Agustín. - (2025), pp. 17-43. - WORLD SUSTAINABILITY SERIES. [10.1007/978-3-031-81485-3].
A Comprehensive Insight into Religious Tourism Research Trends with Case Studies from Spain and Saudi Arabia: Constructing a Co-word Network Using the Leiden Clustering Algorithm and a Thematic Map
Sara SampieriPrimo
Membro del Collaboration Group
;Larbi SafaaMembro del Collaboration Group
;Fernando Martinez de Carnero CalzadaSecondo
Membro del Collaboration Group
;Simona PeronePenultimo
Membro del Collaboration Group
;
2025
Abstract
This study aims to explore the thematic trends in religious tourism research, focusing on empirical studies conducted in Spain and Saudi Arabia. To achieve this, we began by collecting context-specific data using the Scopus and Web of Science databases, covering the period from 2015 to 2024. Subsequently, we applied natural language processing (NLP) techniques to preprocess the data. Methodologically, A co-word network analysis utilizing the Leiden algorithm iden-tified four thematic clusters for both contexts, reporting meaningful convergences and contrasts. Religious tourism in Spain and Saudi Arabia shares common elements, notably the spiritual motivations of visitors and the importance placed on the overall pilgrimage experience. In both countries, pilgrims are driven by religious, cultural, and spiritual reasons. For instance, the Camino de Santiago in Spain and the Hajj in Saudi Arabia are significant pilgrimages beyond religious obligations, encompassing personal and emotional journeys. Both countries also prioritize sustainability and environmental concerns, though Spain focuses on reducing the ecological impact of accommodations, while Saudi Arabia uses technology to manage pilgrim flows effi-ciently. However, the two contexts differ significantly: Spain emphasizes cultural traditions and the balance between tourism and sacredness, while Saudi Arabia adopts a more standardized, service-oriented approach, focusing on infrastructure, logistics, and continuous improvement in line with Vision 2030. The originality of this study lies in its comparative approach, which examines two distinct destina-tions of religious tourism and highlights both the convergences and divergences in thematic trends. Although significant cultural and regulatory differences characterize these two contexts, the findings reveal common concerns regarding sustainability and enhancing the pilgrim experience. However, the strategies adopted to achieve these objectives vary considerably, reflecting local adaptations to the global demands of religious tourism management. This duality between the convergence of goals and the divergence of methods offers a new perspective on religious tourism. It under-scores the importance of adaptive approaches in the planning and management of these destinations.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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