Cardiac Involvement With or Without Myopathy

Cardiac involvement is highly prevalent in patients with neuromuscular diseases and can present as conduction defects, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, or as hypertrophic, dilated, non-compaction, or restrictive cardiomyopathy. The combination of these manifestations can vary significantly between different diseases, making the management of neuromuscular diseases highly specific to their genetic cause. Cardiac involvement represents a major cause of reduced life expectancy due to heart failure, sudden death, or cardioembolic ischemic stroke. Therefore, implementing early screening and treatment strategies, which may be highly specific to each type of neuromuscular condition, is crucial for improving prognosis.