Causal Analysis Based on Systems Theory (CAST) in Complex Systems: Application to the Delta Air Lines Flight 191 Aviation Accident

This chapter provides an in-depth exploration of the Causal Analysis Based on Systems Theory (CAST) framework originated from the Systems Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) to analyze the Delta Air Lines Flight 191 crash. It compares STAMP with other safety models, emphasizing the evolution from the traditional reliability theory perspective to the system safety’s view in terms of accident causation. The Chapter outlines the rules, process steps of the CAST framework. Key findings from the CAST analysis shed light on systemic contributory factors linked to severe weather notification processes, outdated equipment, and procedural shortcomings which is in line with the National Transportation Safety Board statement of probable causes. Possible improvements in windshear mitigation, including the introduction of terminal doppler radar, enhanced pilot windshear training, and predictive windshear technologies are suggested. A critical analysis of the challenges anticipated in the future of aviation safety follows, highlighting fundamental knowledge regarding transformative changes in regulations, training practices, and technological advancements, ultimately enhancing the overall safety of air travel.