Architetture e ambienti rurali. Rural Architectures and Environments

In recent decades, the landscape has gained significance in cultural heritage protection, and it is recognized as a collective good vital for individual and community well-being. William Morris highlighted in 1881 the deep ecological connection between rural architecture and its environment, emphasizing the relational dynamics of locality. Historically, architecture relied on empirical knowledge, considering geological structures, vegetation, and water sources when establishing settlements. This led to vernacular architecture being perceived as a key product of environmental culture. Research has focused on two main aspects of vernacular culture: the identity of architectural systems and the relationships linking buildings to social and environmental frameworks, elucidating the diversity in forms, materials, and conservation status of this heritage. Current research prioritizes recognizing and preserving rural architecture while understanding the need for compatible development within its environment. The findings suggest a growing emphasis on contextual knowledge, viewing artefacts about their systemic environment. However, contributions exploring the active protection of rural environments remain limited. There is a call for “co-evolutionary” practices to maintain the harmony of architecture and rural landscapes, avoiding a mere museum approach. The European Landscape Convention emphasizes community involvement in landscape identity and conservation strategies. Moreover, historical and geographical studies are increasingly focusing on the rural aspects shaped by agricultural practices, supported by landscape archaeology, which aids in understanding rural dynamics and historical uses impacting the landscape.