Il movimento pan-mongolo. Dalle origini alla nascita della Repubblica popolare mongola

At the beginning of the 20th century, the collapse of the Russian and Manchu empires allowed the different souls of the Mongolian people to build their own national identity and pursue their aspirations for autonomy and independence from foreign domination. The birth and development of pan-Mongolism, which substantiated the idea of forging a “Greater Mongolia” in which to achieve the union of all Mongols, represented the answer to these aspirations. However, the pan-Mongolian ideas advocated by the Buryat intelligentsia and other Mongol groups of Outer and Inner Mongolia had to contend with interests, strategies and dynamics within the Mongols themselves that hindered their unity of purpose. At the same time, Mongolian nationalistic aspirations had to confront the interests of other international actors: Russia, China and Japan, who used the card of pan-Mongolism to pursue their own political goals, and whose interests converged in hindering the birth of a “Greater Mongolia”. The outcomes of the pan-Mongol movement reflect the connections between the desire for self-determination of the Mongolian people and the international context in which it took shape.