Microsurgery in hand non-union, bone necrosis, and bone loss of substance

The treatment of non-union, bone necrosis, and bone loss represents a challenge for hand surgeons; its failure leads to poor outcomes, with persistence of pain, progressive stiffness, and onset of arthritis. The results demonstrated with vascularized bone grafts are making the method increasingly more appreciated and widespread, with a constant extension of its use in more extreme conditions like scaphoid proximal pole replacement, and in more benign ones like scaphoid waist non-union.