Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to Cavernous Sinus and Middle Cranial Fossa

Cavernous sinus surgery has evolved in the last decades moving toward less invasive approaches to reduce postoperative morbidities. Endoscopic endonasal techniques have been a revolution in skull base surgery providing a natural and direct line of sight to deep-seated skull base lesions such as the cavernous sinus, complementing the standard transcranial approaches. In this chapter, endoscopic anatomy, patient selection and contraindications, and surgical technique among clinical cases are provided.