Executive function development: the mediating role of social and environmental context

Executive functions change during the lifespan and can both be improved or adversely affected by vari ous events that affect an individual. For example, resource-rich environments, stress-response systems are understood to shape brain development in ways conducive to executive function and high levels of self-control. Conversely, in lower-resource unpredictable environments, stress-response systems are understood to shape the brain in ways that promote highly reactive behavior and poor executive func tion ability leading to school failure and early school leaving. Knowing well the impact of stress and an unfavorable environment on the development of executive functions can lead to the construction of intervention programs that can guide these children from disadvantage toward resilience