The ritual practices of the Nahuas of Cuetzalan consist in establishing with extra-human beings relationships that imply the offering of predetermined quantities of objects and substances considered capable of capturing their benevolence thanks to intrinsic properties: consistency, smell, color, taste, sound, all sensory variations of the idea of vitality or energy, which is also measured in terms of "heat". The offering of these goods is accompanied by the pronunciation of formalized supplications in Nahuatl, in which copious Catholic prayers in Spanish are interspersed: the first allow expressing the peculiar informative content of the ritual occasion, the second are used as deposits of "force", intended to satisfy the appetites of extra-human interlocutors and also to strengthen the human beneficiaries of the ritual act. This combination of propositional content and illocutionary force (in Austin's terms), of communication and performativity, inspires the variable solutions adopted in each context by ritual specialists, determining the type and number of prayers that are appropriately delivered – along with the other materials presented in the ritual space – to each of the recipients whose intervention is invoked. The analysis of this Nahua example provides an interesting local variant of the widespread in Mesoamerican paradigm, according to which there is a correspondence between the intensity (or "thickness") of the ritual action as a whole, the formalization of acts and verbal statements, and the energy (or “heat”) conveyed by all the substances (including words) that are circulated in the different phases of the ritual. The analysis of some therapeutic supplications allows us to show how the logic underlying the pronunciation of entreaties in native language together with Catholic prayers determines the effects through time of the performance of the actors involved.
Le pratiche rituali dei Nahua di Cuetzalan prevedono l’instaurazione di relazioni con gli esseri extraumani che implicano l’offerta di quantitativi predeterminati di oggetti e sostanze considerati capaci di ottenerne la benevolenza grazie a proprietà ad intrinseche: consistenza, odore, colore, sapore, suono, tutte declinazioni sensoriali dell’idea di vitalità o energia, misurabile anche in termini di “calore”. L’offerta di tali beni è accompagnata dalla pronuncia di invocazioni formalizzate in nahuatl, in cui vengono intercalate copiose preghiere cattoliche in spagnolo: le prime permettono di esprimere il peculiare contenuto informativo proprio dell’occasione del rito, le seconde vengono invece usate come depositi di “forza” destinata a soddisfare gli appetiti degli interlocutori extraumani, così come anche a rinvigorire i beneficiari umani dell’atto rituale. Questa combinazione di contenuto proposizionale e forza illocutoria (nei termini di Austin), di comunicazione e performatività, ispira le variabili soluzioni adottate in ogni singolo contesto dagli specialisti rituali, determinando il tipo e la quantità delle preghiere che è appropriato consegnare – assieme agli altri materiali presentati nello spazio del rito – ai destinatari il cui intervento si invoca. L’analisi dell’esempio nahua fornisce un’interessante variante locale del paradigma, assai diffuso in Mesoamerica, che stabilisce una corrispondenza tra l’intensità (o “densità”) dell’azione rituale nel suo complesso, la formalizzazione degli atti e degli enunciati verbali e l’energia (o “calore”) veicolata da tutte le sostanze (incluse le parole) che si mettono in circolo nelle diverse fasi del rito. L’analisi di alcune suppliche terapeutiche permette di mostrare come la logica soggiacente alla pronuncia delle invocazioni in lingua indigena e delle preghiere cattoliche determini gli effetti nel tempo dell’impegno degli attori coinvolti.
Heaps of prayers: The Materiality of Catholic Prayers, Their Temporal Dimension and Ritual Effectiveness within Nahua Ritual Discourse / Lupo, Alessandro. - (2022), pp. 162-191.
Heaps of prayers: The Materiality of Catholic Prayers, Their Temporal Dimension and Ritual Effectiveness within Nahua Ritual Discourse
Alessandro Lupo
2022
Abstract
The ritual practices of the Nahuas of Cuetzalan consist in establishing with extra-human beings relationships that imply the offering of predetermined quantities of objects and substances considered capable of capturing their benevolence thanks to intrinsic properties: consistency, smell, color, taste, sound, all sensory variations of the idea of vitality or energy, which is also measured in terms of "heat". The offering of these goods is accompanied by the pronunciation of formalized supplications in Nahuatl, in which copious Catholic prayers in Spanish are interspersed: the first allow expressing the peculiar informative content of the ritual occasion, the second are used as deposits of "force", intended to satisfy the appetites of extra-human interlocutors and also to strengthen the human beneficiaries of the ritual act. This combination of propositional content and illocutionary force (in Austin's terms), of communication and performativity, inspires the variable solutions adopted in each context by ritual specialists, determining the type and number of prayers that are appropriately delivered – along with the other materials presented in the ritual space – to each of the recipients whose intervention is invoked. The analysis of this Nahua example provides an interesting local variant of the widespread in Mesoamerican paradigm, according to which there is a correspondence between the intensity (or "thickness") of the ritual action as a whole, the formalization of acts and verbal statements, and the energy (or “heat”) conveyed by all the substances (including words) that are circulated in the different phases of the ritual. The analysis of some therapeutic supplications allows us to show how the logic underlying the pronunciation of entreaties in native language together with Catholic prayers determines the effects through time of the performance of the actors involved.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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