Diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract and small bowel

The use of cross-sectional imaging techniques for the noninvasive evaluation of upper gastrointestinal tract and small-bowel disorders is increasing. Computed tomography (CT) is still the modality of rst choice for the study of esophageal and gastric malignancy, while barium swallow tests are used for the assessment of esophageal motility dysfunction. In any case, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications are expanding the capability of obtaining both anatomical and functional information with a single imaging technique. Additionally, MR enterography already plays a signi- cant role not only in Crohn’s disease (CD), but also for the evaluation of various benign and malignant neoplasms, celiac disease, infectious diseases, and small-bowel obstructions. Advantages of MRI over CT include high contrast resolution, lack of radiation exposure, and use of intravenous contrast media with better safety proles. MR enterography also allows dynamic assessment of small-bowel peristalsis and distensibility of lumen narrowing, providing functional information. On the other hand, MRI has limitations related to higher cost and a test quality that is dependent upon a patient’s cooperation and their ability to hold their breath.