The research aims to make further elements of reflection and knowledge to a financial instrument widely used, the public debt, facing a short period studied from this point of view for Rome and the Papal States, the Jacobin, on the Roman Republic of 1798-1799 and the years relating to the Napoleonic domination, particularly with regard to the Convention signed in Paris in 1818, including the major European powers, which shows a close link between the public debts in Europe. Its management and its use have been and are one of the major concerns of nation states. We must also distinguish between external debt and internal debts. In the case of foreign debt, the payment of interest and amortization involves a transfer of assets from 'debtor country's economy to that of the creditor, ie a subtraction of wealth to the national economy that, in the event of non-consumptive use is a counterpart, and therefore obviously can not be pushed beyond certain limits without creating serious imbalances. In the case of domestic debts, their service matter transfers only within the country's economy, which is not so, because of the 'existence of the debt, neither richer nor poorer. From this follows an optimistic view of the public debt, which you can find evidence, especially for the eighteenth century, as the debt that society owes to itself, as a debt of the right hand to his left hand, and then did as radically different from private debt . There are certainly too pessimistic thesis that show how the real limit to the expansion of the public debt of the drawbacks lies in the redistribution of national income, which shall be effected by the payment of interest on the public debt, and the corresponding tax deductions. Limit, which actually depends on factors such as the height of the ratio of debt interest and national income, the structure of the tax system, the distribution of public debt. In fact, the expansion of the debt was found in several European countries between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, both for its size it has reached, both for the variety of forms that took over, the public debt has had a central position in the financial policy of the individual countries. In fact, the issues and redemptions, and purchases and sales of various types of public debt securities are an important tool to influence the quantity of money, the general level of the interest rate and the interest rate structure in accordance with the deadlines securities. In this regard, the study of the financial market of Rome and the Papal State, thanks to the work appeared recently, is of great interest for the understanding of the 'evolution of the European financial framework. Certainly the scope of this market is not comparable to the importance that Amsterdam and London respectively have played in the seventeenth century and two centuries later, it is to be noted that Rome was the center of the financial engine of the Papal states and its securities are were also appreciated by the underwriters of the Italian and European states, between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The analysis and processing of statistical data makes it possible to quantify and qualify the composition of debt in the period considered (1798-1814).
Il lavoro di ricerca si propone di apportare ulteriori elementi di riflessione e di conoscenza verso uno strumento finanziario molto utilizzato, il debito pubblico, affrontando un periodo poco studiato da questo punto di vista per Roma e lo Stato pontificio, quello giacobino, relativo alla Repubblica romana del 1798-1799 e agli anni relativi alla dominazione napoleonica; con particolare riguardo alla Convenzione stipulata a Parigi nel 1818, tra le maggiori potenze europee, che evidenzia uno stretto legame tra i debiti pubblici europei. La sua gestione e la sua utilizzazione hanno costituito e costituiscono una tra le maggiori preoccupazioni degli Stati nazionali. Bisogna poi distinguere tra debiti esteri e debiti interni. Nel caso dei debiti esteri, il servizio degli interessi e dell'ammortamento implica un trasferimento di mezzi dall' economia del paese debitore a quella del paese creditore, cioè una sottrazione di ricchezza all'economia nazionale che, nell'ipotesi di impiego consuntivo non trova una contropartita, e che quindi non può ovviamente essere spinta oltre certi limiti senza creare profondi squilibri. Nel caso dei debiti interni, il loro servizio importa trasferimenti soltanto entro l'economia del paese, che non è quindi, per il fatto dell' esistenza del debito, né più ricca, né più povera. Da questa discende una considerazione ottimistica del debito pubblico, della quale si possono trovare testimonianza, soprattutto per il Settecento, come debito che la collettività deve a se stessa, come debito della mano destra alla mano sinistra, e quindi come fatto radicalmente diverso dai debiti privati. Non mancano certamente anche tesi pessimistiche che evidenziano come il vero limite all'espansione del debito pubblico sta negli inconvenienti della ridistribuzione del reddito nazionale, alla quale si fa luogo mediante il pagamento degli interessi del debito pubblico, e il prelievo delle imposte corrispondenti. Limite che in concreto dipende da elementi come l'altezza del rapporto tra interessi del debito e reddito nazionale, la struttura del sistema tributario, la distribuzione dei titoli del debito pubblico. Di fatto l'espansione del debito si è riscontrata in diversi paesi europei tra Settecento ed Ottocento; sia per le dimensioni che esso ha raggiunto, sia per le varietà delle forme che ha assunto, il debito pubblico ha avuto una posizione centrale nella politica finanziaria dei singoli paesi. Infatti le emissioni ed i rimborsi, nonché gli acquisti e le vendite sul mercato dei diversi tipi di titoli del debito pubblico sono uno strumento importante per influenzare le quantità di moneta, il livello generale del tasso di interesse e la struttura dei tassi secondo le scadenze dei titoli. A questo proposito lo studio del mercato finanziario di Roma e dello Stato pontificio, grazie anche ai lavori apparsi recentemente, è di estremo interesse per la conoscenza dell' evoluzione del quadro finanziario europeo. Certo la portata di questo mercato non è paragonabile all'importanza che Amsterdam o Londra hanno rivestito rispettivamente nel XVII secolo e due secoli più avanti, ma c'è da sottolineare che Roma è stato il centro finanziario propulsore dello Stato papale ed i suoi titoli sono stati apprezzati anche dai sottoscrittori degli Stati italiani ed europei, tra il XVII ed il XVIII secolo. L’analisi e l’elaborazioni di dati statistici permette di quantificarne e qualificare la composizione del debito nel periodo considerato (1798-1814).
La dette publique de l'Etat pontifical et l'influence francaise (1798-1814) / Strangio, Donatella. - STAMPA. - (2006), pp. 297-308.
La dette publique de l'Etat pontifical et l'influence francaise (1798-1814)
STRANGIO, Donatella
2006
Abstract
The research aims to make further elements of reflection and knowledge to a financial instrument widely used, the public debt, facing a short period studied from this point of view for Rome and the Papal States, the Jacobin, on the Roman Republic of 1798-1799 and the years relating to the Napoleonic domination, particularly with regard to the Convention signed in Paris in 1818, including the major European powers, which shows a close link between the public debts in Europe. Its management and its use have been and are one of the major concerns of nation states. We must also distinguish between external debt and internal debts. In the case of foreign debt, the payment of interest and amortization involves a transfer of assets from 'debtor country's economy to that of the creditor, ie a subtraction of wealth to the national economy that, in the event of non-consumptive use is a counterpart, and therefore obviously can not be pushed beyond certain limits without creating serious imbalances. In the case of domestic debts, their service matter transfers only within the country's economy, which is not so, because of the 'existence of the debt, neither richer nor poorer. From this follows an optimistic view of the public debt, which you can find evidence, especially for the eighteenth century, as the debt that society owes to itself, as a debt of the right hand to his left hand, and then did as radically different from private debt . There are certainly too pessimistic thesis that show how the real limit to the expansion of the public debt of the drawbacks lies in the redistribution of national income, which shall be effected by the payment of interest on the public debt, and the corresponding tax deductions. Limit, which actually depends on factors such as the height of the ratio of debt interest and national income, the structure of the tax system, the distribution of public debt. In fact, the expansion of the debt was found in several European countries between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, both for its size it has reached, both for the variety of forms that took over, the public debt has had a central position in the financial policy of the individual countries. In fact, the issues and redemptions, and purchases and sales of various types of public debt securities are an important tool to influence the quantity of money, the general level of the interest rate and the interest rate structure in accordance with the deadlines securities. In this regard, the study of the financial market of Rome and the Papal State, thanks to the work appeared recently, is of great interest for the understanding of the 'evolution of the European financial framework. Certainly the scope of this market is not comparable to the importance that Amsterdam and London respectively have played in the seventeenth century and two centuries later, it is to be noted that Rome was the center of the financial engine of the Papal states and its securities are were also appreciated by the underwriters of the Italian and European states, between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The analysis and processing of statistical data makes it possible to quantify and qualify the composition of debt in the period considered (1798-1814).I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.