Hepatic tumoral pathology: The pediatric liver

Paediatric hepatic tumours are relatively rare with malignant lesions being twice as frequent as benign neoplasms and are mostly metastases. Hepatic tumors in children include lesions that are unique to the pediatric age group and others that are more common in adults. Important considerations when evaluating a child with a liver tumor are the age of the patient, laboratory findings, and specific imaging features. Imaging has a significant role in the evaluation of most paediatric liver tumours. Differentiating benign from malignant tumours is important as it significantly affects treatment decisions. The current emphasis is on imaging features, which are helpful not only for the initial diagnosis, but also for pre- and post-treatment evaluation and follow-up. The role of advanced imaging test such as magnetic resonance imaging, which allow for non-invasive assessment of liver tumors, is of utmost importance in pediatric patients, especially when repeated imaging tests are needed and radiation exposure should be avoided. Knowledge of the imaging features of these tumors can help radiologists offer an appropriate differential diagnosis and management plan.