Tests of general relativity with the LARES satellites

LARES (LAser RElativity Satellite) developed by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) is a laser-ranged satellite successfully launched in February 2012 by ESA (European Space Agency). A second ASI laser-ranged satellite, LARES 2, is scheduled for launch by ESA at the end of 2019. Here we describe the main scientific objectives achieved and achievable by LARES and LARES 2, both in General Relativity and in space geodesy and geodynamics. Among the main tests achieved by LARES is a 5% test of frame-dragging, a fundamental and intriguing prediction of General Relativity. The LARES 2 satellite together with the laser-ranged satellite LAGEOS of NASA, is aimed to provide a 0.2% test of frame-dragging together with other relevant tests and determinations in fundamental physics, space geodesy and geodynamics.